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COVID-19: Immunology and treatment options.
Felsenstein, Susanna; Herbert, Jenny A; McNamara, Paul S; Hedrich, Christian M.
  • Felsenstein S; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
  • Herbert JA; Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
  • McNamara PS; Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
  • Hedrich CM; Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, UK. Electronic address: christian.hedrich@liverpool.ac.uk.
Clin Immunol ; 215: 108448, 2020 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-125370
ABSTRACT
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 causes COVID-19, a pandemic threatening millions. As protective immunity does not exist in humans and the virus is capable of escaping innate immune responses, it can proliferate, unhindered, in primarily infected tissues. Subsequent cell death results in the release of virus particles and intracellular components to the extracellular space, which result in immune cell recruitment, the generation of immune complexes and associated damage. Infection of monocytes/macrophages and/or recruitment of uninfected immune cells can result in massive inflammatory responses later in the disease. Uncontrolled production of pro-inflammatory mediators contributes to ARDS and cytokine storm syndrome. Antiviral agents and immune modulating treatments are currently being trialled. Understanding immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV2 and the resulting delayed massive immune response will result in the identification of biomarkers that predict outcomes as well as phenotype and disease stage specific treatments that will likely include both antiviral and immune modulating agents.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Antiviral Agents / Pneumonia, Viral / Coronavirus Infections / Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Pandemics / Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / Betacoronavirus / Immunologic Factors Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Clin Immunol Journal subject: Allergy and Immunology Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.clim.2020.108448

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Antiviral Agents / Pneumonia, Viral / Coronavirus Infections / Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Pandemics / Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / Betacoronavirus / Immunologic Factors Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Clin Immunol Journal subject: Allergy and Immunology Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.clim.2020.108448