COVID-19 pandemic: SARS-CoV-2 specific vaccines and challenges, protection via BCG trained immunity, and clinical trials.
Expert Rev Vaccines
; 20(7): 857-880, 2021 07.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1254221
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread worldwide and vaccination remains the most effective approach to control COVID-19. Currently, at least ten COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized under emergency authorization. However, these vaccines still face many challenges.Areas covered This study reviews the concept and mechanisms of trained immunity induced by the Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccine and identifies questions that should be answered before the BCG vaccine could be used to combat COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, we present for the first time the details of current BCG vaccine clinical trials, which are underway in various countries, to assess its effectiveness in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we discuss the challenges of COVID-19 vaccines and opportunities for the BCG vaccine. The literature was found by searching the PubMed (https//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), Web of Science (www.webofknowledge.com), Embase (https//www.embase.com), and CNKI (https//www.cnki.net/) databases. The date was set as the default parameter for each database.Expert opinion The advantages of the BCG vaccine can compensate for the shortcomings of other COVID-19 vaccines. If the efficacy of the BCG vaccine against COVID-19 is confirmed by these clinical trials, the BCG vaccine may be essential to resolve the challenges faced by COVID-19 vaccines.Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
BCG Vaccine
/
Clinical Trials as Topic
/
COVID-19 Vaccines
/
COVID-19
/
Immunity, Innate
Type of study:
Prognostic study
/
Randomized controlled trials
/
Reviews
Topics:
Vaccines
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Expert Rev Vaccines
Journal subject:
Allergy and Immunology
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
14760584.2021.1938550
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