Sea Urchin Pigments: Echinochrome A and Its Potential Implication in the Cytokine Storm Syndrome.
Mar Drugs
; 19(5)2021 May 11.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1256603
ABSTRACT
Background:
Echinochrome A (EchA) is a pigment from sea urchins. EchA is a polyhydroxylated 1,4-naphthoquinone that contains several hydroxyl groups appropriate for free-radical scavenging and preventing redox imbalance. EchA is the most studied molecule of this family and is an active principle approved to be used in humans, usually for cardiopathies and glaucoma. EchA is used as a pharmaceutical drug.Methods:
A comprehensive literature and patent search review was undertaken using PubMed, as well as Google Scholar and Espacenet search engines to review these areas.Conclusions:
In the bloodstream, EchA can mediate cellular responses, act as a radical scavenger, and activate the glutathione pathway. It decreases ROS imbalance, prevents and limits lipid peroxidation, and enhances mitochondrial functions. Most importantly, EchA contributes to the modulation of the immune system. EchA can regulate the generation of regulatory T cells, inhibit pro-inflammatory IL-1ß and IL-6 cytokine production, while slightly reducing IL-8, TNF-α, INF-α, and NKT, thus correcting immune imbalance. These characteristics suggest that EchA is a candidate drug to alleviate the cytokine storm syndrome (CSS).Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Pigments, Biological
/
Sea Urchins
/
Naphthoquinones
/
Cytokine Release Syndrome
Type of study:
Experimental Studies
/
Randomized controlled trials
/
Reviews
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
English
Journal subject:
Biology
/
Pharmacology
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Md19050267
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