The role of 5-lipoxygenase in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and its therapeutic implications.
Inflamm Res
; 70(8): 877-889, 2021 Aug.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1258183
ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes cytokine release syndrome (CRS), leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute kidney and cardiac injury, liver dysfunction, and multiorgan failure. Although several studies have discussed the role of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in viral infections, such as influenzae and SARS, it remains unexplored in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. 5-LOX acts on free arachidonic acid (AA) to form proinflammatory leukotrienes (LTs). Of note, numerous cells involved with COVID-19 (e.g., inflammatory and smooth muscle cells, platelets, and vascular endothelium) widely express leukotriene receptors. Moreover, 5-LOX metabolites induce the release of cytokines (e.g., tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-1α [IL-1α], and interleukin-1ß [IL-1ß]) and express tissue factor on cell membranes and activate plasmin. Since macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils can express lipoxygenases, activation of 5-LOX and the subsequent release of LTs may contribute to the severity of COVID-19. This review sheds light on the potential implications of 5-LOX in SARS-CoV-2-mediated infection and the anticipated therapeutic role of 5-LOX inhibitors.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase
/
Interleukins
/
Lipoxygenase Inhibitors
/
SARS-CoV-2
/
COVID-19
/
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Type of study:
Prognostic study
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Inflamm Res
Journal subject:
Allergy and Immunology
/
Pathology
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
S00011-021-01473-y
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