Immune system and COVID-19 by sex differences and age.
Womens Health (Lond)
; 17: 17455065211022262, 2021.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1259152
ABSTRACT
In COVID-19 disease, are reported gender differences in relation to severity and death. The aim of this review is to highlight gender differences in the immune response to COVID-19. The included studies were identified using PubMed, until 30 October 2020. The search included the following keywords SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, gender, age, sex, and immune system. Literature described that females compared to males have greater inflammatory, antiviral, and humoral immune responses. In female, estrogen is a potential ally to alleviate SARS-COV-2 disease. In male, testosterone reduces vaccination response and depresses the cytokine response. In the older patients, and in particular, in female older patients, it has been reported a progressive functional decline in the immune systems. Differences by gender were reported in infection diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. These data should be confirmed by the other epidemiological studies.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Aging
/
Sex Factors
/
COVID-19
/
Immune System
/
Immunity
Type of study:
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
/
Reviews
Topics:
Vaccines
Limits:
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Language:
English
Journal:
Womens Health (Lond)
Journal subject:
Women's Health
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
17455065211022262
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