Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines in Phase III Trials: A Meta-Analysis.
Vaccines (Basel)
; 9(6)2021 Jun 01.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1259636
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, the vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines is being promoted worldwide, professionals and common people are very concerned about the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines. No published systematic review and meta-analysis has assessed the efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 vaccines based on data from phase III clinical trials. Therefore, this study has estimated the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines and the differences between vaccine types. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, medRxiv databases and two websites were used to retrieve the studies. Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled efficacy and safety with risk ratio (RR). A total of eight studies, seven COVID-19 vaccines and 158,204 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. All the vaccines had a good preventive effect on COVID-19 (RR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.09-0.32), and the mRNA vaccine (RR = 0.05, 95% CI 0.03-0.09) was the most effective against COVID-19, while the inactivated vaccine (RR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.19-0.54) was the least. In terms of safety, the risk of overall adverse events showed an increase in the vaccine group after the first (RR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.03-2.05) or second (RR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.04-2.20) injection. However, compared with the first injection, the risk of local (RR = 2.64, 95% CI 1.02-6.83 vs. RR = 2.25, 95% CI 0.52-9.75) and systemic (RR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.21-1.46 vs. RR = 1.59, 95% CI 0.84-3.01) adverse events decreased after the second injection. As for the mRNA vaccine, the risk of overall adverse events increased significantly, compared with the placebo, no matter whether it was the first (RR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.80-1.86) or the second (RR = 2.16, 95% CI = 2.11-2.20) injection. All the COVID-19 vaccines that have published the data of phase III clinical trials have excellent efficacy, and the risk of adverse events is acceptable. The mRNA vaccines were the most effective against COVID-19, meanwhile the risk and grade of adverse events was minimal, compared to that of severe symptoms induced by COVID-19.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Type of study:
Prognostic study
/
Randomized controlled trials
/
Reviews
/
Systematic review/Meta Analysis
Topics:
Vaccines
Language:
English
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Vaccines9060582
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