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The African Network for Improved Diagnostics, Epidemiology and Management of common infectious Agents.
Schubert, Grit; Achi, Vincent; Ahuka, Steve; Belarbi, Essia; Bourhaima, Ouattara; Eckmanns, Tim; Johnstone, Siobhan; Kabore, Firmin; Kra, Ouffoue; Mendes, Adriano; Ouedraogo, Abdoul-Salam; Poda, Armel; Some, Arsène Satouro; Tomczyk, Sara; Couacy-Hymann, Emmanuel; Kayembe, Jean-Marie; Meda, Nicolas; Muyembe Tamfum, Jean-Jacques; Ouangraoua, Soumeya; Page, Nicola; Venter, Marietjie; Leendertz, Fabian H; Akoua-Koffi, Chantal.
  • Schubert G; Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany. schubertg@rki.de.
  • Achi V; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
  • Ahuka S; Université Alassane Ouattara de Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
  • Belarbi E; Institut National de la Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Bourhaima O; Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.
  • Eckmanns T; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
  • Johnstone S; Université Alassane Ouattara de Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
  • Kabore F; Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.
  • Kra O; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.
  • Mendes A; Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
  • Ouedraogo AS; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
  • Poda A; Université Alassane Ouattara de Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
  • Some AS; University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa.
  • Tomczyk S; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou de Bobo-Dioulasso, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
  • Couacy-Hymann E; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou de Bobo-Dioulasso, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
  • Kayembe JM; Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
  • Meda N; Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.
  • Muyembe Tamfum JJ; Laboratoire National d'Appui au Développement Agricole / Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire.
  • Ouangraoua S; Hôpital Universitaire/Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Page N; Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
  • Venter M; Institut National de la Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Leendertz FH; Hôpital Universitaire/Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Akoua-Koffi C; Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
BMC Infect Dis ; 21(1): 539, 2021 Jun 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1261266
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

In sub-Saharan Africa, acute respiratory infections (ARI), acute gastrointestinal infections (GI) and acute febrile disease of unknown cause (AFDUC) have a large disease burden, especially among children, while respective aetiologies often remain unresolved. The need for robust infectious disease surveillance to detect emerging pathogens along with common human pathogens has been highlighted by the ongoing novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The African Network for Improved Diagnostics, Epidemiology and Management of Common Infectious Agents (ANDEMIA) is a sentinel surveillance study on the aetiology and clinical characteristics of ARI, GI and AFDUC in sub-Saharan Africa.

METHODS:

ANDEMIA includes 12 urban and rural health care facilities in four African countries (Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Republic of South Africa). It was piloted in 2018 in Côte d'Ivoire and the initial phase will run from 2019 to 2021. Case definitions for ARI, GI and AFDUC were established, as well as syndrome-specific sampling algorithms including the collection of blood, naso- and oropharyngeal swabs and stool. Samples are tested using comprehensive diagnostic protocols, ranging from classic bacteriology and antimicrobial resistance screening to multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) systems and High Throughput Sequencing. In March 2020, PCR testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and analysis of full genomic information was included in the study. Standardised questionnaires collect relevant clinical, demographic, socio-economic and behavioural data for epidemiologic analyses. Controls are enrolled over a 12-month period for a nested case-control study. Data will be assessed descriptively and aetiologies will be evaluated using a latent class analysis among cases. Among cases and controls, an integrated analytic approach using logistic regression and Bayesian estimation will be employed to improve the assessment of aetiology and associated risk factors.

DISCUSSION:

ANDEMIA aims to expand our understanding of ARI, GI and AFDUC aetiologies in sub-Saharan Africa using a comprehensive laboratory diagnostics strategy. It will foster early detection of emerging threats and continued monitoring of important common pathogens. The network collaboration will be strengthened and site diagnostic capacities will be reinforced to improve quality management and patient care.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Mass Screening / Communicable Diseases / Sentinel Surveillance Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Africa Language: English Journal: BMC Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S12879-021-06238-w

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Mass Screening / Communicable Diseases / Sentinel Surveillance Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Africa Language: English Journal: BMC Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S12879-021-06238-w