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Indole Tryptophan Metabolism and Cytokine S100B in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Daily Fluctuations, Responses to Methylphenidate, and Interrelationship with Depressive Symptomatology.
Fernández-López, Luisa; Molina-Carballo, Antonio; Cubero-Millán, Isabel; Checa-Ros, Ana; Machado-Casas, Irene; Blanca-Jover, Enrique; Jerez-Calero, Antonio; Madrid-Fernández, Yolanda; Uberos, José; Muñoz-Hoyos, Antonio.
  • Fernández-López L; Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
  • Molina-Carballo A; Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.
  • Cubero-Millán I; Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
  • Checa-Ros A; Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.
  • Machado-Casas I; Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
  • Blanca-Jover E; Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.
  • Jerez-Calero A; Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
  • Madrid-Fernández Y; Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.
  • Uberos J; Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
  • Muñoz-Hoyos A; Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol ; 30(3): 177-188, 2020 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1263645
ABSTRACT

Background:

Indole tryptophan metabolites (ITMs), mainly produced at the gastrointestinal level, participate in bidirectional gut-brain communication and have been implicated in neuropsychiatric pathologies, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Method:

A total of 179 children, 5-14 years of age, including a healthy control group (CG, n = 49), and 107 patients with ADHD participated in the study. The ADHD group was further subdivided into predominantly attention deficit (PAD) and predominantly hyperactive impulsive (PHI) subgroups. Blood samples were drawn at 2000 and 0900 hours, and urine was collected between blood draws, at baseline and after 4.63 ± 2.3 months of methylphenidate treatment in the ADHD group. Levels and daily fluctuations of ITM were measured by tandem mass spectrometer, and S100B (as a glial inflammatory marker) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Factorial analysis of variance (Stata 12.0) was performed with groups/subgroups, time (baseline/after treatment), hour of day (morning/evening), and presence of depressive symptoms (DS; no/yes) as factors.

Results:

Tryptamine and indoleacetic acid (IAA) showed no differences between the CG and ADHD groups. Tryptamine exhibited higher evening values (p < 0.0001) in both groups. No changes were associated with methylphenidate or DS. At baseline, in comparison with the rest of study sample, PHI with DS+ group showed among them much greater morning than evening IAA (p < 0.0001), with treatment causing a 50% decrease (p = 0.002). Concerning indolepropionic acid (IPA) MPH was associated with a morning IPA decrease and restored the daily profile observed in the CG. S100B protein showed greater morning than evening concentrations (p = 0.001) in both groups.

Conclusion:

Variations in ITM may reflect changes associated with the presence of DS, including improvement, among ADHD patients.
Subject(s)
Keywords

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Depression / Central Nervous System Stimulants / Methylphenidate Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Qualitative research / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adolescent / Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol Journal subject: Pediatrics / Psychopharmacology Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cap.2019.0072

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Depression / Central Nervous System Stimulants / Methylphenidate Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Qualitative research / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adolescent / Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol Journal subject: Pediatrics / Psychopharmacology Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cap.2019.0072