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Sex-Disaggregated Data on Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Study.
Wang, Mengdie; Jiang, Nan; Li, Changjun; Wang, Jing; Yang, Heping; Liu, Li; Tan, Xiangping; Chen, Zhenyuan; Gong, Yanhong; Yin, Xiaoxv; Zong, Qiao; Xiong, Nian; Zhang, Guopeng.
  • Wang M; Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
  • Jiang N; Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
  • Li C; Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
  • Wang J; Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
  • Yang H; School of Nursing, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
  • Liu L; Office of Academic Research, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
  • Tan X; Lichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lichuan, China.
  • Chen Z; Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
  • Gong Y; Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
  • Yin X; Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
  • Zong Q; Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
  • Xiong N; Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
  • Zhang G; Department of Nuclear medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol ; 11: 680422, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1266655
ABSTRACT

Background:

Sex and gender are crucial variables in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We sought to provide information on differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes between male and female patients and to explore the effect of estrogen in disease outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

Method:

In this retrospective, multi-center study, we included all confirmed cases of COVID-19 admitted to four hospitals in Hubei province, China from Dec 31, 2019 to Mar 31, 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and were analyzed for demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiographic parameters. Random-effect logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between sex and disease outcomes.

Results:

A total of 2501 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were included in the present study. The clinical manifestations of male and female patients with COVID-19 were similar, while male patients have more comorbidities than female patients. In terms of laboratory findings, compared with female patients, male patients were more likely to have lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, inflammatory response, hypoproteinemia, and extrapulmonary organ damage. Random-effect logistic regression analysis indicated that male patients were more likely to progress into severe type, and prone to ARDS, secondary bacterial infection, and death than females. However, there was no significant difference in disease outcomes between postmenopausal and premenopausal females after propensity score matching (PSM) by age.

Conclusions:

Male patients, especially those age-matched with postmenopausal females, are more likely to have poor outcomes. Sex-specific differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes do exist in patients with COVID-19, but estrogen may not be the primary cause. Further studies are needed to explore the causes of the differences in disease outcomes between the sexes.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 / Lymphopenia Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fcimb.2021.680422

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 / Lymphopenia Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fcimb.2021.680422