SOCS, SPRED, and NR4a: Negative regulators of cytokine signaling and transcription in immune tolerance.
Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci
; 97(6): 277-291, 2021.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1267427
ABSTRACT
Cytokines are important intercellular communication tools for immunity. Most cytokines utilize the JAK-STAT and Ras-ERK pathways to promote gene transcription and proliferation; however, this signaling is tightly regulated. The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family and SPRED family are a representative negative regulators of the JAK-STAT pathway and the Ras-ERK pathway, respectively. The SOCS family regulates the differentiation and function of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and regulatory T cells, and is involved in immune tolerance, anergy, and exhaustion. SPRED family proteins have been shown to inactivate Ras by recruiting the Ras-GTPase neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) protein. Human genetic analysis has shown that SOCS family members are strongly associated with autoimmune diseases, allergies, and tumorigenesis, and SPRED1 is involved in NF1-like syndromes and tumors. We also identified the NR4a family of nuclear receptors as a key transcription factor for immune tolerance that suppresses cytokine expression and induces various immuno-regulatory molecules including SOCS1.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
/
Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci
Journal subject:
Biology
/
Physiology
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
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