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Sleep problems during COVID-19 pandemic and its' association to psychological distress: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Alimoradi, Zainab; Broström, Anders; Tsang, Hector W H; Griffiths, Mark D; Haghayegh, Shahab; Ohayon, Maurice M; Lin, Chung-Ying; Pakpour, Amir H.
  • Alimoradi Z; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
  • Broström A; Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
  • Tsang HWH; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
  • Griffiths MD; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
  • Haghayegh S; International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
  • Ohayon MM; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  • Lin CY; Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center (SSERC), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA.
  • Pakpour AH; Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
EClinicalMedicine ; 36: 100916, 2021 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1267656
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

The emerging novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the leading cause of deaths worldwide in 2020. The present systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the magnitude of sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship with psychological distress.

METHODS:

Five academic databases (Scopus, PubMed Central, ProQuest, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Embase) were searched. Observational studies including case-control studies and cross-sectional studies were included if relevant data relationships were reported (i.e., sleep assessed utilizing the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index or Insomnia Severity Index). All the studies were English, peer-reviewed papers published between December 2019 and February 2021. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020181644.

FINDINGS:

168 cross-sectional, four case-control, and five longitudinal design papers comprising 345,270 participants from 39 countries were identified. The corrected pooled estimated prevalence of sleep problems were 31% among healthcare professionals, 18% among the general population, and 57% among COVID-19 patients (all p-values < 0.05). Sleep problems were associated with depression among healthcare professionals, the general population, and COVID-19 patients, with Fisher's Z scores of -0.28, -0.30, and -0.36, respectively. Sleep problems were positively (and moderately) associated with anxiety among healthcare professionals, the general population, and COVID-19 patients, with Fisher's z scores of 0.55, 0.48, and 0.49, respectively.

INTERPRETATION:

Sleep problems appear to have been common during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, sleep problems were found to be associated with higher levels of psychological distress. With the use of effective programs treating sleep problems, psychological distress may be reduced. Vice versa, the use of effective programs treating psychological distress, sleep problems may be reduced.

FUNDING:

The present study received no funding.
Keywords

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Language: English Journal: EClinicalMedicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.eclinm.2021.100916

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Language: English Journal: EClinicalMedicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.eclinm.2021.100916