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Cardiovascular and Renal Risk Factors and Complications Associated With COVID-19.
Touyz, Rhian M; Boyd, Marcus O E; Guzik, Tomasz; Padmanabhan, Sandosh; McCallum, Linsay; Delles, Christian; Mark, Patrick B; Petrie, John R; Rios, Francisco; Montezano, Augusto C; Sykes, Robert; Berry, Colin.
  • Touyz RM; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
  • Boyd MOE; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
  • Guzik T; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
  • Padmanabhan S; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
  • McCallum L; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
  • Delles C; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
  • Mark PB; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
  • Petrie JR; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
  • Rios F; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
  • Montezano AC; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
  • Sykes R; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
  • Berry C; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
CJC Open ; 3(10): 1257-1272, 2021 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1272339
ABSTRACT
The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, represents the largest medical challenge in decades. It has exposed unexpected cardiovascular vulnerabilities at all stages of the disease (pre-infection, acute phase, and subsequent chronic phase). The major cardiometabolic drivers identified as having epidemiologic and mechanistic associations with COVID-19 are abnormal adiposity, dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Hypertension is of particular interest, because components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which are critically involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension, are also implicated in COVID-19. Specifically, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), a multifunctional protein of the RAS, which is part of the protective axis of the RAS, is also the receptor through which SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells, causing viral infection. Cardiovascular and cardiometabolic comorbidities not only predispose people to COVID-19, but also are complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, increasing evidence indicates that acute kidney injury is common in COVID-19, occurs early and in temporal association with respiratory failure, and is associated with poor prognosis, especially in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. Here, we discuss cardiovascular and kidney disease in the context of COVID-19 and provide recent advances on putative pathophysiological mechanisms linking cardiovascular disease and COVID-19, focusing on the RAS and ACE2, as well as the immune system and inflammation. We provide up-to-date information on the relationships among hypertension, diabetes, and COVID-19 and emphasize the major cardiovascular diseases associated with COVID-19. We also briefly discuss emerging cardiovascular complications associated with long COVID-19, notably postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS).
La pandémie actuelle de COVID-19 causée par le coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère 2 (SRAS-CoV-2) est le plus grand enjeu médical des dernières décennies. Elle a mis en évidence des vulnérabilités cardiovasculaires imprévues à tous les stades de la COVID-19 (avant l'infection, pendant la phase aiguë et pendant la phase chronique subséquente). Les principaux facteurs cardiométaboliques dont les associations épidémiologiques et mécanistiques avec la COVID-19 ont été avérées comprennent l'adiposité anormale, la dysglycémie, la dyslipidémie et l'hypertension. L'hypertension suscite un intérêt particulier, car certaines composantes du système rénine-angiotensine (SRA), dont le rôle est crucial dans la physiopathologie de l'hypertension, sont également en cause dans la COVID-19. Plus précisément, l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine 2 (ECA2), une protéine multifonctionnelle du SRA faisant partie de l'axe protecteur du SRA, est également le récepteur permettant au virus SRAS-CoV-2 d'entrer dans les cellules hôtes et de provoquer une infection virale. Les affections cardiovasculaires et cardiométaboliques concomitantes ne font pas que prédisposer les personnes qui en sont atteintes à la COVID-19, elles constituent également des complications de l'infection à SRAS-CoV-2. En outre, de plus en plus de données probantes indiquent que l'atteinte rénale aiguë est fréquente en cas de COVID-19, qu'elle survient tôt et fait l'objet d'une association temporelle avec l'insuffisance respiratoire, et qu'elle est associée à un pronostic sombre, notamment en présence de facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires. Nous discutons ici des maladies cardiovasculaires et rénales dans le contexte de la COVID-19, et présentons les progrès récents sur les mécanismes physiopathologiques en cause dans le lien entre les maladies cardiovasculaires et la COVID-19 en nous attardant sur le SRA et l'ECA2, ainsi que sur le système immunitaire et l'inflammation. Nous présentons de l'information à jour sur les liens entre l'hypertension, le diabète et la COVID-19, et soulignons les principales maladies cardiovasculaires associées à la COVID-19. Nous analysons également brièvement les complications cardiovasculaires émergentes associées à la COVID-19 de longue durée, notamment le syndrome de tachycardie orthostatique posturale (STOP).

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Language: English Journal: CJC Open Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.cjco.2021.05.020

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Language: English Journal: CJC Open Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.cjco.2021.05.020