The NLRP3 inflammasome and COVID-19: Activation, pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev
; 61: 2-15, 2021 10.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1275255
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe pneumonia or even death. In severe COVID-19 cases, an increased level of proinflammatory cytokines has been observed in the bloodstream, forming the so-called "cytokine storm". Generally, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation intensely induces cytokine production as an inflammatory response to viral infection. Therefore, the NLRP3 inflammasome can be a potential target for the treatment of COVID-19. Hence, this review first introduces the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation pathway. Second, we review the cellular/molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by SARS-CoV-2 infection (e.g., viroporins, ion flux and the complement cascade). Furthermore, we describe the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 (e.g., cytokine storm, respiratory manifestations, cardiovascular comorbidity and neurological symptoms). Finally, we also propose several promising inhibitors targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome, cytokine products and neutrophils to provide novel therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Inflammasomes
/
NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
/
SARS-CoV-2
/
COVID-19
/
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Type of study:
Prognostic study
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev
Journal subject:
Allergy and Immunology
/
Biochemistry
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
J.cytogfr.2021.06.002
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