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Association between air pollution in Lima and the high incidence of COVID-19: findings from a post hoc analysis.
Vasquez-Apestegui, Bertha V; Parras-Garrido, Enrique; Tapia, Vilma; Paz-Aparicio, Valeria M; Rojas, Jhojan P; Sanchez-Ccoyllo, Odón R; Gonzales, Gustavo F.
  • Vasquez-Apestegui BV; High-Altitude Research Institute; Laboratories of Investigation and Development (LID), Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Lima, Peru. bertha.vasquez.a@upch.pe.
  • Parras-Garrido E; Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Lima, Peru. bertha.vasquez.a@upch.pe.
  • Tapia V; High-Altitude Research Institute; Laboratories of Investigation and Development (LID), Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Lima, Peru.
  • Paz-Aparicio VM; High-Altitude Research Institute; Laboratories of Investigation and Development (LID), Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Lima, Peru.
  • Rojas JP; High-Altitude Research Institute; Laboratories of Investigation and Development (LID), Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Lima, Peru.
  • Sanchez-Ccoyllo OR; National Meteorology and Hydrology Service (SENAMHI), Deputy Director of Evaluation of the Atmospheric Environment, Jr. Cahuide 785, Lima, Peru.
  • Gonzales GF; Atmospheric Pollution Research Group, Professional Career of Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional Tecnológica de Lima Sur, Sector 3 Grupo 1A 03 - Cercado (Av. Central y Av. Bolivar), Lima, Peru.
BMC Public Health ; 21(1): 1161, 2021 06 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1277931
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated in the People's Republic of China in December 2019. Thereafter, a global logarithmic expansion of cases occurred. Some countries have a higher rate of infections despite the early implementation of quarantine. Air pollution might be related to high susceptibility to the virus and associated case fatality rates (deaths/cases*100). Lima, Peru, has the second highest incidence of COVID-19 in Latin America and also has one the highest levels of air pollution in the region.

METHODS:

This study investigated the association of levels of PM2.5 exposure in previous years (2010-2016) in 24 districts of Lima with cases, deaths and case fatality rates for COVID-19. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate this association controlled by age, sex, population density and number of food markets per district. The study period was from March 6 to June 12, 2020.

RESULTS:

There were 128,700 cases in Lima and 2382 deaths due to COVID-19. The case fatality rate was 1.93%. Previous exposure to PM2.5 (2010-2016) was associated with the number of COVID-19- cases (ß = 0.07; 95% CI 0.034-0.107) and deaths (ß = 0.0014; 95% CI 0.0006-0.0.0023) but not with the case fatality rate.

CONCLUSIONS:

After adjusting for age, sex and number of food markets, the higher rates of COVID-19 in Metropolitan Lima are attributable to the increased PM2.5 exposure in the previous years, among other reasons. Reduction in air pollution from a long-term perspective and social distancing are needed to prevent the spread of virus outbreaks.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Air Pollutants / Air Pollution / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study Limits: Child, preschool / Humans Country/Region as subject: South America / Asia / Peru Language: English Journal: BMC Public Health Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S12889-021-11232-7

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Air Pollutants / Air Pollution / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study Limits: Child, preschool / Humans Country/Region as subject: South America / Asia / Peru Language: English Journal: BMC Public Health Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S12889-021-11232-7