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High rate of HSV-1 reactivation in invasively ventilated COVID-19 patients: Immunological findings.
Seeßle, Jessica; Hippchen, Theresa; Schnitzler, Paul; Gsenger, Julia; Giese, Thomas; Merle, Uta.
  • Seeßle J; Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Hippchen T; Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Schnitzler P; Institute of Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Gsenger J; Institute of Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Giese T; Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Merle U; Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
PLoS One ; 16(7): e0254129, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1291694
ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome with the need of invasive ventilation. Pulmonary herpes simplex-1 (HSV-1) reactivation in invasively ventilated patients is a known phenomenon. To date very little is known about the frequency and the predisposing factors of HSV-1 reactivation in COVID-19. Therefore, we evaluated our cohort of invasively ventilated COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia for HSV-1 in respiratory specimens and combined these results with functional immunomonitoring of the peripheral blood. Tracheal secretions and bronchial lavages were screened by PCR for HSV-1 positivity. Comprehensive immunophenotyping and quantitative gene expression analysis of Interferon-stimulated genes (IFI44L, MX1, RSAD2, ISIG15 and IFIT1) and IL-1 beta were performed in whole blood. Time course of infection beginning at symptom onset was grouped into three phases ("early" phase 1 day 1-10, "middle" phase 2 day 11-30 and "late" phase 3 day 31-40). Pulmonary HSV-1 reactivation was exclusively observed in the later phases 2 and 3 in 15 of 18 analyzed patients. By FACS analysis a significant increase in activated CD8 T cells (CD38+HLADR+) in phase 2 was found when compared with phase 1 (p<0.05). Expression of Interferon-stimulated genes (IFI44L, RSAD2 ISIG15, MX1, IFIT1) was significantly lower after HSV-1 detection than before. Taken together, reactivation of HSV-1 in the later phase of SARS-CoV-2- infection occurs in parallel with a drop of antiviral innate responsiveness as shown by decreased expression of Interferon-stimulated genes and a concurrent increase of highly activated CD38+HLADR+ CD8 T cells.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Respiration, Artificial / Virus Activation / Herpesvirus 1, Human / COVID-19 / Herpes Simplex Type of study: Cohort study / Etiology study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Limits: Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pone.0254129

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Respiration, Artificial / Virus Activation / Herpesvirus 1, Human / COVID-19 / Herpes Simplex Type of study: Cohort study / Etiology study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Limits: Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pone.0254129