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A review of neuroradiological abnormalities in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Bahranifard, Bahar; Mehdizadeh, Somayeh; Hamidi, Ali; Khosravi, Alireza; Emami, Ramin; Mirzaei, Kamran; Nemati, Reza; Nemati, Fatemeh; Assadi, Majid; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali.
  • Bahranifard B; Department of Neurology, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
  • Mehdizadeh S; Department of Pathology, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
  • Hamidi A; Department of Medical Library and Information Science, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
  • Khosravi A; Department of Neurology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
  • Emami R; Department of Neurology, Abhar Medical Clinic, Iran.
  • Mirzaei K; Department of Community Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
  • Nemati R; Department of Neurology, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
  • Nemati F; Department of English Language and Literature, Persian Gulf University, Iran.
  • Assadi M; Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Iran.
  • Gholamrezanezhad A; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), USA.
Neuroradiol J ; 35(1): 3-24, 2022 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1295390
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to various neurological manifestations. There is an urgent need for a summary of neuroimaging findings to accelerate diagnosis and treatment plans. We reviewed prospective and retrospective studies to classify neurological abnormalities observed in patients with the SARS-CoV-2 infection.

METHODS:

The relevant studies published in Scopus, PubMed and Clarivate Analytics databases were analysed. The search was performed for full-text articles published from 23 January 2020 to 23 February 2021.

RESULTS:

In 23 studies the number of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 20,850 and the number of patients with neurological manifestations was 1996 (9.5%). The total number of patients with neuroradiological abnormalities was 602 (2.8%). SARS-CoV-2 has led to various neuroimaging abnormalities which can be categorised by neuroanatomical localisation of lesions and their main probable underlying pathogenesis. Cranial nerve and spinal root abnormalities were cranial neuritis and polyradiculitis. Parenchymal abnormalities fell into four groups of (a) thrombosis disorders, namely ischaemic stroke and sinus venous thrombosis; (b) endothelial dysfunction and damage disorders manifested as various types of intracranial haemorrhage and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; (c) hypoxia/hypoperfusion disorders of leukoencephalopathy and watershed infarction; and (d) inflammatory disorders encompassing demyelinating disorders, encephalitis, vasculitis-like disorders, vasculopathy and cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum. Leptomeninges disorders included meningitis. Ischaemic stroke was the most frequent abnormality in these studies.

CONCLUSION:

The review study suggests that an anatomical approach to the classification of heterogeneous neuroimaging findings in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and neurological manifestations would lend itself well for use by practitioners in diagnosis and treatment planning.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Brain Ischemia / Stroke / Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Neuroradiol J Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 19714009211029177

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Brain Ischemia / Stroke / Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Neuroradiol J Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 19714009211029177