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COVID-19 Severity in Obesity: Leptin and Inflammatory Cytokine Interplay in the Link Between High Morbidity and Mortality.
Maurya, Radheshyam; Sebastian, Prince; Namdeo, Madhulika; Devender, Moodu; Gertler, Arieh.
  • Maurya R; Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
  • Sebastian P; Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
  • Namdeo M; Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
  • Devender M; Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
  • Gertler A; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
Front Immunol ; 12: 649359, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1295634
ABSTRACT
Obesity is one of the foremost risk factors in coronavirus infection resulting in severe illness and mortality as the pandemic progresses. Obesity is a well-known predisposed chronic inflammatory condition. The dynamics of obesity and its impacts on immunity may change the disease severity of pneumonia, especially in acute respiratory distress syndrome, a primary cause of death from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The adipocytes of adipose tissue secret leptin in proportion to individuals' body fat mass. An increase in circulating plasma leptin is a typical characteristic of obesity and correlates with a leptin-resistant state. Leptin is considered a pleiotropic molecule regulating appetite and immunity. In immunity, leptin functions as a cytokine and coordinates the host's innate and adaptive responses by promoting the Th1 type of immune response. Leptin induced the proliferation and functions of antigen-presenting cells, monocytes, and T helper cells, subsequently influencing the pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by these cells, such as TNF-α, IL-2, or IL-6. Leptin scarcity or resistance is linked with dysregulation of cytokine secretion leading to autoimmune disorders, inflammatory responses, and increased susceptibility towards infectious diseases. Therefore, leptin activity by leptin long-lasting super active antagonist's dysregulation in patients with obesity might contribute to high mortality rates in these patients during SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review systematically discusses the interplay mechanism between leptin and inflammatory cytokines and their contribution to the fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients with obesity.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Leptin / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Obesity Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2021.649359

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Leptin / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Obesity Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2021.649359