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Anxiety and depression among people living in quarantine centers during COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed method study from western Nepal.
B C, Udaya Bahadur; Pokharel, Sunil; Munikar, Sabika; Wagle, Chetan Nidhi; Adhikary, Pratik; Shahi, Brish Bahadur; Thapa, Chandra; Bhandari, Ram Prasad; Adhikari, Bipin; Thapa, Kanchan.
  • B C UB; Public Health Service Office Surkhet, Ministry of Social Development, Karnali Province, Birendranagar, Nepal.
  • Pokharel S; Department of Society and Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
  • Munikar S; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
  • Wagle CN; Post Basic Nursing Science Faculty, Om Health Campus, Purbanchal University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
  • Adhikary P; Public Health Service Office Surkhet, Ministry of Social Development, Karnali Province, Birendranagar, Nepal.
  • Shahi BB; School of Public Health, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
  • Thapa C; Health Division, Ministry of Social Development, Karnali Province, Birendranagar, Nepal.
  • Bhandari RP; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
  • Adhikari B; Province Hospital, Ministry of Social Development, Karnali Province, Birendranagar, Nepal.
  • Thapa K; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
PLoS One ; 16(7): e0254126, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1304463
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ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, incoming travelers were quarantined at specific centers in Nepal and major checkpoints in Nepal-India border. Nepal adopted a generic public health approaches to control and quarantine returnee migrants, with little attention towards the quality of quarantine facilities and its aftermath, such as the poor mental health of the returnee migrants. The main objective of this study was to explore the status of anxiety and depression, and factors affecting them among returnee migrants living in institutional quarantine centers of western Nepal.

METHODS:

A mixed method approach in this study included a quantitative survey and in-depth interviews (IDIs) among respondents in quarantine centers of Karnali province between 21st April and 15th May 2020. Survey questionnaire utilized Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) tools, which were administered among 441 quarantined returnee migrants. IDIs were conducted among 12 participants which included a mix of six quarantined migrants and healthcare workers each from the quarantine centres. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted on quantitative data; and thematic analysis was utilized for qualitative data.

RESULTS:

Mild depression (9.1%; 40/441) and anxiety (16.1%; 71/441) was common among respondents followed by moderate depression and anxiety {depression (3.4%; 15/441), anxiety (4.1%; 18/441)} and severe depression and anxiety {depression (1.1%; 5/441), anxiety (0.7%; 3/441)}. Anxiety and depression were independent of their socio-demographic characteristics. Perceived fear of contracting COVID-19, severity and death were prominent among the respondents. Respondents experienced stigma and discrimination in addition to being at the risk of disease and possible loss of employment and financial responsibilities. In addition, poor (quality and access to) health services, and poor living condition at the quarantine centres adversely affected respondents' mental health.

CONCLUSION:

Depression and anxiety were high among quarantined population and warrants more research. Institutional quarantine centers of Karnali province of Nepal were in poor conditions which adversely impacted mental health of the respondents. Poor resource allocation for health, hygiene and living conditions can be counterproductive to the population quarantined.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Anxiety / Quarantine / Depression / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Child / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pone.0254126

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Anxiety / Quarantine / Depression / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Child / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pone.0254126