Risk assessment approaches during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

ABSTRACT

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly spread all over the world affecting more than 20 million people. Early planning and preparedness are vital in mitigation of the impact of the ongoing pandemic. The lessons from previous public health emergencies of the 21st century such as Influenza A (H1N1), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Ebola elucidate that the risks assessment associated with disease outbreaks remains integral for the successful response curbing health disasters. Every pandemic or public health emergency poses new challenges. Alike, the SARS-CoV-2 which causes COVID-19 will continue to challenge public health systems and their ability to effectively communicate with the public. Till date, no vaccines and specific antiviral drugs are available moreover there is little evidence on the effectiveness of potential therapeutic agents. Many countries have practiced 'stay-at-home', social distancing, avoided mass gathering, closure of education in institutions, strict public health measures like compulsory wearing of masks, entertainment and public spaces. For effective prevention and control of any infectious diseases the risk assessment and communication are of prime importance. Hence, there is an urgent need to commence SARS-CoV-2 risk assessment for assisting decision-making bodies working on SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This paper discusses in brief about the rapid risk assessment and diagnostic approaches for COVID-19 pandemic.