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Validation of the Japanese version of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) and relationship among stress, insomnia, anxiety, and depression in healthcare workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019.
Okajima, Isa; Chung, Seockhoon; Suh, Sooyeon.
  • Okajima I; Department of Psychological Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: okajima-i@tokyo-kasei.ac.jp.
  • Chung S; Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
  • Suh S; Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea.
Sleep Med ; 84: 397-402, 2021 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1310714
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to validate the Japanese version of the 9-item Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics scale (SAVE-9) and the relationships among the stress related to viral epidemics, insomnia, anxiety, and depression. PATIENTS/

METHODS:

A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted online. In total, 1000 healthcare workers (579 men, 421 women; mean age 43.11 ± 11.69 years) were asked to complete the SAVE-9, Athens Insomnia Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale, and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. For the analysis, participants were divided into two groups healthcare workers at a medical institution designated for COVID-19 (COVID institution) and those working at an institution not designated for COVID-19 (non-COVID institution).

RESULTS:

Item response theory analysis showed that the SAVE-9 and SAVE-6 (6-item version) had good structural validity and internal consistency (ω = 0.91 and 0.93). Correlation analysis for convergent validity showed a significant positive correlation between both the SAVE-9 and SAVE-6 and the other scales for insomnia, anxiety, and depression. In addition, both SAVE-9 and SAVE-6 scores were higher for workers in COVID institutions than for those in non-COVID institutions. Furthermore, stress related to viral epidemics was found to directly affect anxiety (ß = 0.48) and depression (ß = 0.25) and indirectly affect anxiety (ß = 0.37) and depression (ß = 0.54) via insomnia (ß = 0.33).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study confirmed that the reliability and validity of both the SAVE-9 and SAVE-6 and that insomnia mediated the effects of stress to viral epidemics on anxiety and depression symptoms.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Epidemics / COVID-19 / Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Sleep Med Journal subject: Neurology / Psychophysiology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Epidemics / COVID-19 / Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Sleep Med Journal subject: Neurology / Psychophysiology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article