Melatonin interferes with COVID-19 at several distinct ROS-related steps.
J Inorg Biochem
; 223: 111546, 2021 Oct.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1313251
ABSTRACT
Recent studies have shown a correlation between COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and the distinct, exaggerated immune response titled "cytokine storm". This immune response leads to excessive production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause clinical signs characteristic of COVID-19 such as decreased oxygen saturation, alteration of hemoglobin properties, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, vasoconstriction, elevated cytokines, cardiac and/or renal injury, enhanced D-dimer, leukocytosis, and an increased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio. Particularly, neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) is thought to be especially abundant and, as a result, contributes substantially to oxidative stress and the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Conversely, melatonin, a potent MPO inhibitor, has been noted for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective actions. Melatonin has been proposed as a safe therapeutic agent for COVID-19 recently, having been given with a US Food and Drug Administration emergency authorized cocktail, REGEN-COV2, for management of COVID-19 progression. This review distinctly highlights both how the destructive interactions of HOCl with tetrapyrrole rings may contribute to oxygen deficiency and hypoxia, vitamin B12 deficiency, NO deficiency, increased oxidative stress, and sleep disturbance, as well as how melatonin acts to prevent these events, thereby improving COVID-19 prognosis.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Reactive Oxygen Species
/
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
/
Melatonin
/
Antioxidants
Type of study:
Prognostic study
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
J Inorg Biochem
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
J.jinorgbio.2021.111546
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