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Dysregulation of host cell calcium signaling during viral infections: Emerging paradigm with high clinical relevance.
Saurav, Suman; Tanwar, Jyoti; Ahuja, Kriti; Motiani, Rajender K.
  • Saurav S; Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad-121001, Delhi-NCR, India.
  • Tanwar J; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi-110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
  • Ahuja K; Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad-121001, Delhi-NCR, India.
  • Motiani RK; Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad-121001, Delhi-NCR, India. Electronic address: rajender.motiani@rcb.res.in.
Mol Aspects Med ; 81: 101004, 2021 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1322255
ABSTRACT
Viral infections are one of the leading causes of human illness. Viruses take over host cell signaling cascades for their replication and infection. Calcium (Ca2+) is a versatile and ubiquitous second messenger that modulates plethora of cellular functions. In last two decades, a critical role of host cell Ca2+ signaling in modulating viral infections has emerged. Furthermore, recent literature clearly implicates a vital role for the organellar Ca2+ dynamics (influx and efflux across organelles) in regulating virus entry, replication and severity of the infection. Therefore, it is not surprising that a number of viral infections including current SARS-CoV-2 driven COVID-19 pandemic are associated with dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis. The focus of this review is to first discuss the role of host cell Ca2+ signaling in viral entry, replication and egress. We further deliberate on emerging literature demonstrating hijacking of the host cell Ca2+ dynamics by viruses. In particular, a variety of viruses including SARS-CoV-2 modulate lysosomal and cytosolic Ca2+ signaling for host cell entry and replication. Moreover, we delve into the recent studies, which have demonstrated the potential of several FDA-approved drugs targeting Ca2+ handling machinery in inhibiting viral infections. Importantly, we discuss the prospective of targeting intracellular Ca2+ signaling for better management and treatment of viral pathogenesis including COVID-19. Finally, we highlight the key outstanding questions in the field that demand critical and timely attention.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Virus Diseases / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Mol Aspects Med Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.mam.2021.101004

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Virus Diseases / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Mol Aspects Med Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.mam.2021.101004