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The influence of leprosy-related clinical and epidemiological variables in the occurrence and severity of COVID-19: A prospective real-world cohort study.
Cerqueira, Selma Regina Penha Silva; Deps, Patrícia Duarte; Cunha, Débora Vilela; Bezerra, Natanael Victor Furtunato; Barroso, Daniel Holanda; Pinheiro, Ana Bárbara Sapienza; Pillegi, Gecilmara Salviato; Repsold, Taynah Alves Rocha; Kurizky, Patrícia Shu; Collin, Simon M; Gomes, Ciro Martins.
  • Cerqueira SRPS; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
  • Deps PD; Hospital Universitário de Brasília, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
  • Cunha DV; Post-Graduation Programme of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
  • Bezerra NVF; Hospital Universitário de Brasília, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
  • Barroso DH; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
  • Pinheiro ABS; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
  • Pillegi GS; Hospital Universitário de Brasília, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
  • Repsold TAR; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
  • Kurizky PS; Disciplina de Reumatologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Collin SM; Post-Graduation Programme of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
  • Gomes CM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 15(7): e0009635, 2021 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1329131
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Protective effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination and clofazimine and dapsone treatment against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been reported. Patients at risk for leprosy represent an interesting model for assessing the effects of these therapies on the occurrence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We assessed the influence of leprosy-related variables in the occurrence and severity of COVID-19. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL

FINDINGS:

We performed a 14-month prospective real-world cohort study in which the main risk factor was 2 previous vaccinations with BCG and the main outcome was COVID-19 detection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A Cox proportional hazards model was used. Among the 406 included patients, 113 were diagnosed with leprosy. During follow-up, 69 (16.99%) patients contracted COVID-19. Survival analysis showed that leprosy was associated with COVID-19 (p<0.001), but multivariate analysis showed that only COVID-19-positive household contacts (hazard ratio (HR) = 8.04; 95% CI = 4.93-13.11) and diabetes mellitus (HR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.04-4.06) were significant risk factors for COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS/

SIGNIFICANCE:

Leprosy patients are vulnerable to COVID-19 because they have more frequent contact with SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, possibly due to social and economic limitations. Our model showed that the use of corticosteroids, thalidomide, pentoxifylline, clofazimine, or dapsone or BCG vaccination did not affect the occurrence or severity of COVID-19.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 / Leprosy Type of study: Cohort study / Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: English Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Journal subject: Tropical Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pntd.0009635

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 / Leprosy Type of study: Cohort study / Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: English Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Journal subject: Tropical Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pntd.0009635