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Are We Paving the Way to Dig Out of the "Pandemic Hole"? A Narrative Review on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: From Animal Models to Human Immunization.
Tardiolo, Giuseppe; Brianti, Pina; Sapienza, Daniela; dell'Utri, Pia; Dio, Viviane Di; Rao, Giuseppe; Calabrò, Rocco Salvatore.
  • Tardiolo G; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy.
  • Brianti P; Unit of Dermatology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
  • Sapienza D; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy.
  • dell'Utri P; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy.
  • Dio VD; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
  • Rao G; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
  • Calabrò RS; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
Med Sci (Basel) ; 9(3)2021 07 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1335151
ABSTRACT
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new pathogen agent causing the coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19). This novel virus originated the most challenging pandemic in this century, causing economic and social upheaval internationally. The extreme infectiousness and high mortality rates incentivized the development of vaccines to control this pandemic to prevent further morbidity and mortality. This international scenario led academic scientists, industries, and governments to work and collaborate strongly to make a portfolio of vaccines available at an unprecedented pace. Indeed, the robust collaboration between public systems and private companies led to resolutive actions for accelerating therapeutic interventions and vaccines mechanism. These strategies contributed to rapidly identifying safe and effective vaccines as quickly and efficiently as possible. Preclinical research employed animal models to develop vaccines that induce protective and long-lived immune responses. A spectrum of vaccines is worldwide under investigation in various preclinical and clinical studies to develop both individual protection and safe development of population-level herd immunity. Companies employed and developed different technological approaches for vaccines production, including inactivated vaccines, live-attenuated, non-replicating viral vector vaccines, as well as acid nucleic-based vaccines. In this view, the present narrative review provides an overview of current vaccination strategies, taking into account both preclinical studies and clinical trials in humans. Furthermore, to better understand immunization, animal models on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis are also briefly discussed.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pandemics / COVID-19 Vaccines / COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews Topics: Vaccines Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Medsci9030053

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pandemics / COVID-19 Vaccines / COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews Topics: Vaccines Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Medsci9030053