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A cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging-based pilot study to assess coronary microvascular disease in COVID-19 patients.
Drakos, Stefanos; Chatzantonis, Grigorios; Bietenbeck, Michael; Evers, Georg; Schulze, Arik Bernard; Mohr, Michael; Fonfara, Helena; Meier, Claudia; Yilmaz, Ali.
  • Drakos S; Department of Cardiology I, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
  • Chatzantonis G; Department of Cardiology I, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
  • Bietenbeck M; Department of Cardiology I, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
  • Evers G; Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
  • Schulze AB; Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
  • Mohr M; Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
  • Fonfara H; Department of Cardiology I, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
  • Meier C; Department of Cardiology I, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
  • Yilmaz A; Department of Cardiology I, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany. ali.yilmaz@ukmuenster.de.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 15667, 2021 08 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1338552
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is primarily characterised by a respiratory disease. However, SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect vascular endothelium and subsequently cause vascular inflammation, atherosclerotic plaque instability and thereby result in both endothelial dysfunction and myocardial inflammation/infarction. Interestingly, up to 50% of patients suffer from persistent exercise dyspnoea and a post-viral fatigue syndrome (PVFS) after having overcome an acute COVID-19 infection. In the present study, we assessed the presence of coronary microvascular disease (CMD) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in post-COVID-19 patients still suffering from exercise dyspnoea and PVFS. N = 22 patients who recently recovered from COVID-19, N = 16 patients with classic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and N = 17 healthy control patients without relevant cardiac disease underwent dedicated vasodilator-stress CMR studies on a 1.5-T MR scanner. The CMR protocol comprised cine and late-gadolinium-enhancement (LGE) imaging as well as velocity-encoded (VENC) phase-contrast imaging of the coronary sinus flow (CSF) at rest and during pharmacological stress (maximal vasodilation induced by 400 µg IV regadenoson). Using CSF measurements at rest and during stress, global myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) was calculated. There was no difference in left ventricular ejection-fraction (LV-EF) between COVID-19 patients and controls (60% [57-63%] vs. 63% [60-66%], p = NS). There were only N = 4 COVID-19 patients (18%) showing a non-ischemic pattern of LGE. VENC-based flow measurements showed that CSF at rest was higher in COVID-19 patients compared to controls (1.78 ml/min [1.19-2.23 ml/min] vs. 1.14 ml/min [0.91-1.32 ml/min], p = 0.048). In contrast, CSF during stress was lower in COVID-19 patients compared to controls (3.33 ml/min [2.76-4.20 ml/min] vs. 5.32 ml/min [3.66-5.52 ml/min], p = 0.05). A significantly reduced MPR was calculated in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls (2.73 [2.10-4.15-11] vs. 4.82 [3.70-6.68], p = 0.005). No significant differences regarding MPR were detected between COVID-19 patients and HCM patients. In post-COVID-19 patients with persistent exertional dyspnoea and PVFS, a significantly reduced MPR suggestive of CMD-similar to HCM patients-was observed in the present study. A reduction in MPR can be caused by preceding SARS-CoV-2-associated direct as well as secondary triggered mechanisms leading to diffuse CMD, and may explain ongoing symptoms of exercise dyspnoea and PVFS in some patients after COVID-19 infection.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Coronary Circulation / Coronary Vessels / Myocardial Perfusion Imaging / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Microcirculation / Myocardial Infarction Topics: Long Covid Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Language: English Journal: Sci Rep Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41598-021-95277-z

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Coronary Circulation / Coronary Vessels / Myocardial Perfusion Imaging / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Microcirculation / Myocardial Infarction Topics: Long Covid Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Language: English Journal: Sci Rep Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41598-021-95277-z