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Asthma and COVID-19 risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Sunjaya, Anthony P; Allida, Sabine M; Di Tanna, Gian Luca; Jenkins, Christine R.
  • Sunjaya AP; The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, Australia.
  • Allida SM; Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
  • Di Tanna GL; The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, Australia.
  • Jenkins CR; Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Eur Respir J ; 59(3)2022 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1833273
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Individual case series and cohort studies have reported conflicting results in people with asthma on the vulnerability to and risk of mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). RESEARCH QUESTION Are people with asthma at a higher risk of being infected or hospitalised or poorer clinical outcomes from COVID-19?

METHODS:

A systematic review and meta-analysis based on five main databases including the World Health Organization COVID-19 database between 1 December 2019 and 11 July 2021 on studies with a control (non-asthma) group was conducted. Prevalence and risk ratios were pooled using Sidik-Jonkman random-effects meta-analyses.

FINDINGS:

51 studies with an 8.08% (95% CI 6.87-9.30%) pooled prevalence of people with asthma among COVID-19 positive cases. The risk ratios were 0.83 (95% CI 0.73-0.95, p=0.01) for acquiring COVID-19; 1.18 (95% CI 0.98-1.42, p=0.08) for hospitalisation; 1.21 (95% CI 0.97-1.51, p=0.09) for intensive care unit (ICU) admission; 1.06 (95% CI 0.82-1.36, p=0.65) for ventilator use; and 0.94 (95% CI 0.76-1.17, p=0.58) for mortality for people with asthma. Subgroup analyses by continent revealed a significant difference in risk of acquiring COVID-19, ICU admission, ventilator use and death between the continents.

INTERPRETATION:

The risk of being infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was reduced compared to the non-asthma group. No statistically significant differences in hospitalisation, ICU admission and ventilator use were found between groups. Subgroup analyses showed significant differences in outcomes from COVID-19 between America, Europe and Asia. Additional studies are required to confirm this risk profile, particularly in Africa and South America, where few studies originate.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Asthma / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Limits: Humans Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 13993003.01209-2021

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Asthma / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Limits: Humans Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 13993003.01209-2021