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VTE Prophylaxis in Critically Ill Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.
Fernando, Shannon M; Tran, Alexandre; Cheng, Wei; Sadeghirad, Behnam; Arabi, Yaseen M; Cook, Deborah J; Møller, Morten Hylander; Mehta, Sangeeta; Fowler, Robert A; Burns, Karen E A; Wells, Philip S; Carrier, Marc; Crowther, Mark A; Scales, Damon C; English, Shane W; Kyeremanteng, Kwadwo; Kanji, Salmaan; Kho, Michelle E; Rochwerg, Bram.
  • Fernando SM; Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Electronic address: sfernando@qmed.ca.
  • Tran A; Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
  • Cheng W; Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
  • Sadeghirad B; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
  • Arabi YM; Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Cook DJ; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
  • Møller MH; Department of Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital Righospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Mehta S; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.
  • Fowler RA; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Ce
  • Burns KEA; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hosp
  • Wells PS; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
  • Carrier M; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
  • Crowther MA; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
  • Scales DC; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Ce
  • English SW; Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
  • Kyeremanteng K; Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
  • Kanji S; Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
  • Kho ME; School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
  • Rochwerg B; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Chest ; 161(2): 418-428, 2022 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1363121
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Critically ill adults are at increased risk of VTE, including DVT, and pulmonary embolism. Various agents exist for venous thromboprophylaxis in this population. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the comparative efficacy and safety of prophylaxis agents for prevention of VTE in critically ill adults? STUDY DESIGN AND

METHODS:

Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating efficacy of thromboprophylaxis agents among critically ill patients. We searched six databases (including PubMed, EMBASE, and Medline) from inception through January 2021 for RCTs of patients in the ICU receiving pharmacologic, mechanical, or combination therapy (pharmacologic agents and mechanical devices) for thromboprophylaxis. Two reviewers performed screening, full-text review, and extraction. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation to rate certainty of effect estimates.

RESULTS:

We included 13 RCTs (9,619 patients). Compared with control treatment (a composite of no prophylaxis, placebo, or compression stockings only), low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) reduced the incidence of DVT (OR, 0.59 [95% credible interval [CrI], 0.33-0.90]; high certainty) and unfractionated heparin (UFH) may reduce the incidence of DVT (OR, 0.82 [95% CrI, 0.47-1.37]; low certainty). LMWH probably reduces DVT compared with UFH (OR, 0.72 [95% CrI, 0.46-0.98]; moderate certainty). Compressive devices may reduce risk of DVT compared with control treatments; however, this is based on low-certainty evidence (OR, 0.85 [95% CrI, 0.50-1.50]). Combination therapy showed unclear effect on DVT compared with either therapy alone (very low certainty).

INTERPRETATION:

Among critically ill adults, compared with control treatment, LMWH reduces incidence of DVT, whereas UFH and mechanical compressive devices may reduce the risk of DVT. LMWH is probably more effective than UFH in reducing incidence of DVT and should be considered the primary pharmacologic agent for thromboprophylaxis. The efficacy and safety of combination pharmacologic therapy and mechanical compressive devices were unclear. TRIAL REGISTRY Open Science Framework; URL https//osf.io/694aj.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Critical Illness / Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices / Venous Thromboembolism / Anticoagulants Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Limits: Adult / Humans Language: English Journal: Chest Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Critical Illness / Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices / Venous Thromboembolism / Anticoagulants Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Limits: Adult / Humans Language: English Journal: Chest Year: 2022 Document Type: Article