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Immunological aspects and gender bias during respiratory viral infections including novel Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): A scoping review.
Vadakedath, Sabitha; Kandi, Venkataramana; Mohapatra, Ranjan K; Pinnelli, Venkata B K; Yegurla, Richa R; Shahapur, Praveen R; Godishala, Vikram; Natesan, Senthilkumar; Vora, Kranti S; Sharun, Khan; Tiwari, Ruchi; Bilal, Muhammad; Dhama, Kuldeep.
  • Vadakedath S; Department of Biochemistry, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India.
  • Kandi V; Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India.
  • Mohapatra RK; Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, India.
  • Pinnelli VBK; Department of Biochemistry, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
  • Yegurla RR; Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India.
  • Shahapur PR; Department of Microbiology, BLDE University, Bijapur, Karnataka, India.
  • Godishala V; Department of Biotechnology, Ganapthi Degree College, Parakal, Telangana, India.
  • Natesan S; Department of Infectious Diseases, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Ganghinagar, Gujarat, India.
  • Vora KS; Department of Infectious Diseases, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Ganghinagar, Gujarat, India.
  • Sharun K; Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
  • Tiwari R; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India.
  • Bilal M; School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China.
  • Dhama K; Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
J Med Virol ; 93(9): 5295-5309, 2021 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1363691
ABSTRACT
The human immune system is not adequately equipped to eliminate new microbes and could result in serious damage on first exposure. This is primarily attributed to the exaggerated immune response (inflammatory disease), which may prove detrimental to the host, as evidenced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. From the experiences of Novel Coronavirus Disease-19 to date, male patients are likely to suffer from high-intensity inflammation and disease severity than the female population. Hormones are considered the significant pillars of sex differences responsible for the discrepancy in immune response exhibited by males and females. Females appear to be better equipped to counter invading respiratory viral pathogens, including the novel SARS-CoV-2, than males. It can be hypothesized that females are more shielded from disease severity, probably owing to the diverse action/influence of estrogen and other sex hormones on both cellular (thymus-derived T lymphocytes) and humoral immunity (antibodies).
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Sex Factors / Estrogens / Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Reviews Limits: Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: J Med Virol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Jmv.27081

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Sex Factors / Estrogens / Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Reviews Limits: Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: J Med Virol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Jmv.27081