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Vaccine efficacy and iron deficiency: an intertwined pair?
Drakesmith, Hal; Pasricha, Sant-Rayn; Cabantchik, Ioav; Hershko, Chaim; Weiss, Guenter; Girelli, Domenico; Stoffel, Nicole; Muckenthaler, Martina U; Nemeth, Elizabeta; Camaschella, Clara; Klenerman, Paul; Zimmermann, Michael B.
  • Drakesmith H; MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; Haematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: alexander.drakesmith@imm.ox.ac.uk.
  • Pasricha SR; Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Diagnostic Haematology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Clinical Haematology, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkvill
  • Cabantchik I; Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
  • Hershko C; Internal Medicine, Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
  • Weiss G; Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
  • Girelli D; Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
  • Stoffel N; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Muckenthaler MU; Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Nemeth E; Center for Iron Disorders, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Camaschella C; Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
  • Klenerman P; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
  • Zimmermann MB; MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Lancet Haematol ; 8(9): e666-e669, 2021 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1370708
ABSTRACT
Vaccines are the most effective measure to prevent deaths and illness from infectious diseases. Nevertheless, the efficacy of several paediatric vaccines is lower in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where mortality from vaccine-preventable infections remains high. Vaccine efficacy can also be decreased in adults in the context of some common comorbidities. Identifying and correcting the specific causes of impaired vaccine efficacy is of substantial value to global health. Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide, affecting more than 2 billion people, and its prevalence in LMICs could increase as food security is threatened by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Viewpoint, we highlight evidence showing that iron deficiency limits adaptive immunity and responses to vaccines, representing an under-appreciated additional disadvantage to iron deficient populations. We propose a framework for urgent detailed studies of iron-vaccine interactions to investigate and clarify the issue. This framework includes retrospective analysis of newly available datasets derived from trials of COVID-19 and other vaccines, and prospective testing of whether nutritional iron interventions, commonly used worldwide to combat anaemia, improve vaccine performance.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Adaptive Immunity / COVID-19 Vaccines / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid / Vaccines Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Lancet Haematol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Adaptive Immunity / COVID-19 Vaccines / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid / Vaccines Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Lancet Haematol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article