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Differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on laboratory reporting of norovirus and Campylobacter in England: A modelling approach.
Ondrikova, Nikola; Clough, Helen E; Douglas, Amy; Iturriza-Gomara, Miren; Larkin, Lesley; Vivancos, Roberto; Harris, John P; Cunliffe, Nigel A.
  • Ondrikova N; Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
  • Clough HE; Institute for Risk & Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
  • Douglas A; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
  • Iturriza-Gomara M; Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
  • Larkin L; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
  • Vivancos R; Gastrointestinal Pathogens Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom.
  • Harris JP; Centre for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Cunliffe NA; Gastrointestinal Pathogens Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom.
PLoS One ; 16(8): e0256638, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1372018
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted surveillance activities for multiple pathogens. Since March 2020, there was a decline in the number of reports of norovirus and Campylobacter recorded by England's national laboratory surveillance system. The aim is to estimate and compare the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on norovirus and Campylobacter surveillance data in England.

METHODS:

We utilised two quasi-experimental approaches based on a generalised linear model for sequential count data. The first approach estimates overall impact and the second approach focuses on the impact of specific elements of the pandemic response (COVID-19 diagnostic testing and control measures). The following time series (27, 2015-43, 2020) were used weekly laboratory-confirmed norovirus and Campylobacter reports, air temperature, conducted Sars-CoV-2 tests and Index of COVID-19 control measures stringency.

RESULTS:

The period of Sars-CoV-2 emergence and subsequent sustained transmission was associated with persistent reductions in norovirus laboratory reports (p = 0.001), whereas the reductions were more pronounced during pandemic emergence and later recovered for Campylobacter (p = 0.075). The total estimated reduction was 47% - 79% for norovirus (12-43, 2020). The total reduction varied by time for Campylobacter, e.g. 19% - 33% in April, 1% - 7% in August.

CONCLUSION:

Laboratory reporting of norovirus was more adversely impacted than Campylobacter by the COVID-19 pandemic. This may be partially explained by a comparatively stronger effect of behavioural interventions on norovirus transmission and a relatively greater reduction in norovirus testing capacity. Our study underlines the differential impact a pandemic may have on surveillance of gastrointestinal infectious diseases.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Campylobacter Infections / Caliciviridae Infections / COVID-19 / Laboratories Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Observational study Topics: Long Covid Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pone.0256638

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Campylobacter Infections / Caliciviridae Infections / COVID-19 / Laboratories Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Observational study Topics: Long Covid Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pone.0256638