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Vascular alterations among young adults with SARS-CoV-2.
Ratchford, Stephen M; Stickford, Jonathon L; Province, Valesha M; Stute, Nina; Augenreich, Marc A; Koontz, Laurel K; Bobo, Landry K; Stickford, Abigail S L.
  • Ratchford SM; Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina.
  • Stickford JL; Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina.
  • Province VM; Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina.
  • Stute N; Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina.
  • Augenreich MA; Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina.
  • Koontz LK; Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina.
  • Bobo LK; Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina.
  • Stickford ASL; Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol ; 320(1): H404-H410, 2021 01 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1388544
ABSTRACT
While SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the lungs, the virus may be inflicting detriments to the cardiovascular system, both directly through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and initiating systemic inflammation. Persistent systemic inflammation may be provoking vascular dysfunction, an early indication of cardiovascular disease risk. To establish the potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the systemic vasculature in the arms and legs, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of young healthy adults (control 5 M/15 F, 23.0 ± 1.3 y, 167 ± 9 cm, 63.0 ± 7.4 kg) and young adults who, 3-4 wk prior to testing, had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2 4 M/7 F, 20.2 ± 1.1 y, 172 ± 12 cm, 69.5 ± 12.4 kg) (means ± SD). Using Doppler ultrasound, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the arm and single passive limb movement (sPLM) in the leg were assessed as markers of vascular function. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf) was asvsessed as a marker of arterial stiffness. FMD was lower in the SARS-CoV-2 group (2.71 ± 1.21%) compared with the control group (8.81 ± 2.96%) (P < 0.01) and when made relative to the shear stimulus (SARS-CoV-2 0.04 ± 0.02 AU, control 0.13 ± 0.06 AU, P < 0.01). The femoral artery blood flow response, as evidenced by the area under the curve, from the sPLM was lower in the SARS-CoV-2 group (-3 ± 91 mL) compared with the control group (118 ± 114 mL) (P < 0.01). PWVcf was higher in the SARS-CoV-2 group (5.83 ± 0.62 m/s) compared with the control group (5.17 ± 0.66 m/s) (P < 0.01). Significantly lower systemic vascular function and higher arterial stiffness are evident weeks after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 among young adults compared with controls.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study was the first to investigate the vascular implications of contracting SARS-CoV-2 among young, otherwise healthy adults. Using a cross-sectional design, this study assessed vascular function 3-4 wk after young adults tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The main findings from this study were a strikingly lower vascular function and a higher arterial stiffness compared with healthy controls. Together, these results suggest rampant vascular effects seen weeks after contracting SARS-CoV-2 in young adults.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Vasodilation / Blood Vessels / Brachial Artery / Femoral Artery / Vascular Stiffness / Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity / COVID-19 / Hyperemia Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Variants Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Young adult Language: English Journal: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Journal subject: Cardiology / Physiology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Vasodilation / Blood Vessels / Brachial Artery / Femoral Artery / Vascular Stiffness / Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity / COVID-19 / Hyperemia Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Variants Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Young adult Language: English Journal: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Journal subject: Cardiology / Physiology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article