COVID-19 treatment in medan, Indonesia: A case report

ABSTRACT

SARS-CoV-2, which belongs to a unique clade of the Sarbecovirus subgenus of the Orthocoronavirinae subfamily, was identified as the pathogen of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January 2020. A majority (67-85%) of critically ill patients admitted in intensive care units with confirmed infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) developed the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Indonesia has been hit by COVID-19 with CFR being 8.9% at the end of March 2020. There have been 1,528 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Indonesia and 136 deaths related to the disease. The nation's case fatality rate (CFR) is also much higher than that of the People's Republic of China (8.9% vs 4%). According to the latest data of the Ministry of Health of Indonesia, there are only 309,100 hospital beds in Indonesia, with most of them being located on Java island. On top of that, there is less than 6,000 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) beds nationwide. The number appears much, but in fact, Indonesia only had 2.7 ICU beds per 100,000 people and thus the country ranked among the lowest in Asia. Indonesia's president finally decided to implement large-scale social restriction / Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar in cities and provinces, instead of regional quarantine. Regional quarantine is one of four types of health quarantine according to the 2018 Health Quarantine Law. The government also emphasizes the need to stay at home for all Indonesian citizens, and this “lockdown” scenario was initially prepared in Jakarta and West Java in March 2020.