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Structure-function relations of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and impact of mutations in the variants of concern.
Rey, Félix.
  • Rey F; Unité de Virologie Structurale, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
C R Biol ; 344(1): 77-110, 2021 Jun 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1404023
ABSTRACT
This review covers the main features of the severe acquired respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein, its interaction with the main entry receptor, the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and the subsequent membrane fusion step. The focus is on the structural organization of these proteins and mechanistic aspects of their interactions that lead to cytoplasmic release of the viral genome. The most potently neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were shown to interfere with the spike/ACE2 interaction. I thus also review the location and the potential impact of mutations in the spike protein observed in the variants of concern that emerged concomitantly with acquired immunity in the population after one year of virus circulation. Understanding how these interactions affect the spike/ACE2 interactions and the subsequent spike-protein-induced membrane fusion reaction is important to stay one step ahead of the virus evolution and develop efficient countermeasures.
Cette revue couvre les principales caractéristiques de la protéine de spicule du coronavirus 2 du syndrome respiratoire acquis sévère (SRAS-CoV-2), son interaction avec le principal récepteur d'entrée, l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine 2 (ACE2) humaine, et l'étape subséquente de fusion membranaire. L'accent est mis sur l'organisation structurale de ces protéines et les aspects mécanistiques de leurs interactions qui conduisent à la libération cytoplasmique du génome viral. Les anticorps neutralisants les plus puissants contre le SARS-CoV-2 bloquent l'interaction spike / ACE2. Je passe donc également en revue la localisation et l'impact potentiel des mutations sur le spicule observées dans les variants préoccupants qui sont apparus en même temps que l'immunité acquise dans la population après un an de circulation du virus. Comprendre comment ces mutations affectent les interactions spicule / ACE2 et la catalyse de la réaction de fusion membranaire est important pour garder une longueur d'avance sur l'évolution du virus et développer des contre-mesures efficaces.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies Topics: Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: C R Biol Journal subject: Biology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: CRBIOL.53

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies Topics: Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: C R Biol Journal subject: Biology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: CRBIOL.53