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Alzheimer's disease in elderly COVID-19 patients: potential mechanisms and preventive measures.
Wang, Haili; Lu, Juan; Zhao, Xia; Qin, Rongyin; Song, Kangping; Xu, Yao; Zhang, Jun; Chen, Yingzhu.
  • Wang H; Department of Clinical Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.
  • Lu J; Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.
  • Zhao X; Department of Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.
  • Qin R; Department of Emergency Medicine, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.
  • Song K; Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital (Jiading District), Jiading, Shanghai, 201812, China.
  • Xu Y; Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
  • Zhang J; Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.
  • Chen Y; Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Jingan, Shanghai, 200040, China. doctorzhang_0221@163.com.
Neurol Sci ; 42(12): 4913-4920, 2021 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1432553
ABSTRACT
Advanced age correlates with higher morbidity and mortality among patients affected with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Because systemic inflammation and neurological symptoms are also common in severe COVID-19 cases, there is concern that COVID-19 may lead to neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this review, we summarize possible mechanisms by which infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, may cause AD in elderly COVID-19 patients and describe preventive measures to mitigate risk. Potential mechanisms include NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1ß release, renin-angiotensin system hyperactivation, innate immune activation, oxidative stress, direct viral infection, and direct cytolytic ß-cell damage. Anti-inflammatory therapies, including TNF-α inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidants such as the vitamin E family, nutritional intervention, physical activity, blood glucose control, and vaccination are proposed as preventive measures to minimize AD risk in COVID-19 patients. Since several risk factors for AD may converge during severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, neurologists should be alert for potential symptoms of AD and actively implement preventive measures in patients presenting with neuropsychiatric symptoms and in high-risk patients such as the elderly.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Alzheimer Disease / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid / Vaccines Limits: Aged / Humans Language: English Journal: Neurol Sci Journal subject: Neurology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S10072-021-05616-1

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Alzheimer Disease / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid / Vaccines Limits: Aged / Humans Language: English Journal: Neurol Sci Journal subject: Neurology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S10072-021-05616-1