Adaptation of fuel selection to acute decrease in voluntary energy expenditure is governed by dietary macronutrient composition in mice.
Physiol Rep
; 9(18): e15044, 2021 09.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1436402
ABSTRACT
In humans, exercise-induced thermogenesis is a markedly variable component of total energy expenditure, which had been acutely affected worldwide by COVID-19 pandemic-related lockdowns. We hypothesized that dietary macronutrient composition may affect metabolic adaptation/fuel selection in response to an acute decrease in voluntary activity. Using mice fed short-term high-fat diet (HFD) compared to low-fat diet (LFD)-fed mice, we evaluated whole-body fuel utilization by metabolic cages before and 3 days after omitting a voluntary running wheel in the cage. Short-term (24-48 h) HFD was sufficient to increase energy intake, fat oxidation, and decrease carbohydrate oxidation. Running wheel omission did not change energy intake, but resulted in a significant 50% decrease in total activity and a ~20% in energy expenditure in the active phase (night-time), compared to the period with wheel, irrespective of the dietary composition, resulting in significant weight gain. Yet, while in LFD wheel omission significantly decreased active phase fat oxidation, thereby trending to increase respiratory exchange ratio (RER), in HFD it diminished active phase carbohydrate oxidation. In conclusion, acute decrease in voluntary activity resulted in positive energy balance in mice on both diets, and decreased oxidation of the minor energy (macronutrient) fuel source, demonstrating that dietary macronutrient composition determines fuel utilization choices under conditions of acute changes in energetic demand.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Dietary Fats
/
Diet, Fat-Restricted
/
Energy Metabolism
/
Diet, High-Fat
Type of study:
Experimental Studies
/
Prognostic study
Limits:
Animals
Language:
English
Journal:
Physiol Rep
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Phy2.15044
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