Early Post-Renal Transplant Hyperglycemia.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
; 107(2): 549-562, 2022 01 18.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1633480
ABSTRACT
CONTEXT Though posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM, occurring >â
45 days after transplantation) and its complications are well described, early post-renal transplant hyperglycemia (EPTH) (<â
45 days) similarly puts kidney transplant recipients at risk of infections, rehospitalizations, and graft failure and is not emphasized much in the literature. Proactive screening and management of EPTH is required given these consequences. OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this article is to promote recognition of early post-renal transplant hyperglycemia, and to summarize available information on its pathophysiology, adverse effects, and management.METHODS:
A PubMed search was conducted for "early post-renal transplant hyperglycemia," "immediate posttransplant hyperglycemia," "post-renal transplant diabetes," "renal transplant," "diabetes," and combinations of these terms. EPTH is associated with significant complications including acute graft failure, rehospitalizations, cardiovascular events, PTDM, and infections.CONCLUSION:
Patients with diabetes experience better glycemic control in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with resurgence of hyperglycemia after kidney transplant. Patients with and without known diabetes are at risk of EPTH. Risk factors include elevated pretransplant fasting glucose, diabetes, glucocorticoids, chronic infections, and posttransplant infections. We find that EPTH increases risk of re-hospitalizations from infections (cytomegalovirus, possibly COVID-19), acute graft rejections, cardiovascular events, and PTDM. It is essential, therefore, to provide diabetes education to patients before discharge. Insulin remains the standard of care while inpatient. Close follow-up after discharge is recommended for insulin adjustment. Some agents like dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have shown promise. The tenuous kidney function in the early posttransplant period and lack of data limit the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. There is a need for studies assessing noninsulin agents for EPTH to decrease risk of hypoglycemia associated with insulin and long-term complications of EPTH.Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Kidney Transplantation
/
Hyperglycemia
Type of study:
Case report
/
Cohort study
/
Prognostic study
/
Reviews
Topics:
Long Covid
Limits:
Humans
/
Male
/
Middle aged
Language:
English
Journal:
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Clinem
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