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District level correlates of COVID-19 pandemic in India during March-October 2020.
Tamrakar, Vandana; Srivastava, Ankita; Saikia, Nandita; Parmar, Mukesh C; Shukla, Sudheer Kumar; Shabnam, Shewli; Boro, Bandita; Saha, Apala; Debbarma, Benjamin.
  • Tamrakar V; Centre for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
  • Srivastava A; Centre for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
  • Saikia N; Centre for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
  • Parmar MC; Centre for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
  • Shukla SK; Centre for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
  • Shabnam S; Bidhannagar College, Kolkata, India.
  • Boro B; Centre for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
  • Saha A; Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
  • Debbarma B; Centre for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
PLoS One ; 16(9): e0257533, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1443841
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

COVID-19 is affecting the entire population of India. Understanding district level correlates of the COVID-19's infection ratio (IR) is essential for formulating policies and interventions.

OBJECTIVE:

The present study aims to investigate the district level variation in COVID-19 during March-October 2020. The present study also examines the association between India's socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and the COVID-19 infection ratio at the district level. DATA AND

METHODS:

We used publicly available crowdsourced district-level data on COVID-19 from March 14, 2020, to October 31, 2020. We identified hotspot and cold spot districts for COVID-19 cases and infection ratio. We have also carried out two sets of regression analysis to highlight the district level demographic, socioeconomic, household infrastructure facilities, and health-related correlates of the COVID-19 infection ratio.

RESULTS:

The results showed on October 31, 2020, the IR in India was 42.85 per hundred thousand population, with the highest in Kerala (259.63) and the lowest in Bihar (6.58). About 80 percent infected cases and 61 percent deaths were observed in nine states (Delhi, Gujarat, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana). Moran's- I showed a positive yet poor spatial clustering in the COVID-19 IR over neighboring districts. Our regression analysis demonstrated that percent of 15-59 aged population, district population density, percent of the urban population, district-level testing ratio, and percent of stunted children were significantly and positively associated with the COVID-19 infection ratio. We also found that, with an increasing percentage of literacy, there is a lower infection ratio in Indian districts.

CONCLUSION:

The COVID-19 infection ratio was found to be more rampant in districts with a higher working-age population, higher population density, a higher urban population, a higher testing ratio, and a higher level of stunted children. The study findings provide crucial information for policy discourse, emphasizing the vulnerability of the highly urbanized and densely populated areas.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Humans / Middle aged / Young adult Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pone.0257533

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Humans / Middle aged / Young adult Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pone.0257533