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Chilblains during lockdown are associated with household exposure to SARS-CoV-2: a multicentre case-control study.
Poizeau, Florence; Oger, Emmanuel; Barbarot, Sébastien; Le Corre, Yannick; Samimi, Mahtab; Brenaut, Emilie; Aubert, Hélène; Chambrelan, Estel; Droitcourt, Catherine; Gissot, Valérie; Heslan, Christopher; Laurent, Claire; Martin, Ludovic; Misery, Laurent; Tattevin, Pierre; Toubel, Alexis; Thibault, Vincent; Dupuy, Alain.
  • Poizeau F; EA 7449 REPERES (Pharmacoepidemiology and Health Services Research), Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France; Department of Dermatology, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
  • Oger E; EA 7449 REPERES (Pharmacoepidemiology and Health Services Research), Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France.
  • Barbarot S; Department of Dermatology, CHU Nantes, France.
  • Le Corre Y; Department of Dermatology, CHU Angers, France.
  • Samimi M; Department of Dermatology, CHU Tours, France.
  • Brenaut E; Department of Dermatology, CHU Brest, France.
  • Aubert H; Department of Dermatology, CHU Nantes, France.
  • Chambrelan E; Department of Dermatology, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
  • Droitcourt C; EA 7449 REPERES (Pharmacoepidemiology and Health Services Research), Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France; Department of Dermatology, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
  • Gissot V; INSERM Clinical Investigation Center, 1415, CHU Tours, Tours, France.
  • Heslan C; Department of Virology, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
  • Laurent C; EA 7449 REPERES (Pharmacoepidemiology and Health Services Research), Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France; Department of Dermatology, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
  • Martin L; Department of Dermatology, CHU Angers, France.
  • Misery L; Department of Dermatology, CHU Brest, France; University of Brest, LIEN, Brest, France.
  • Tattevin P; Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
  • Toubel A; Department of Dermatology, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
  • Thibault V; Department of Virology, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
  • Dupuy A; EA 7449 REPERES (Pharmacoepidemiology and Health Services Research), Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France; Department of Dermatology, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France. Electronic address: alain.dupuy@chu-rennes.fr.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 28(2): 285-291, 2022 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1446539
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous cases of chilblains have been reported. However, in most cases, RT-PCR or serology did not confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hypotheses have been raised about an interferon-mediated immunological response to SARS-CoV-2, leading to effective clearance of the SARS-CoV-2 without the involvement of humoral immunity. Our objective was to explore the association between chilblains and exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

METHODS:

In this multicentre case-control study, cases were the 102 individuals referred to five referral hospitals for chilblains occurring during the first lockdown (March to May 2020). Controls were recruited from healthy volunteers' files held by the same hospitals. All members of their households were included, resulting in 77 case households (262 individuals) and 74 control households (230 individuals). Household exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during the first lockdown was categorized as high, intermediate or low, using a pre-established algorithm based on individual data on symptoms, high-risk contacts, activities outside the home and RT-PCR testing. Participants were offered a SARS-CoV-2 serological test.

RESULTS:

After adjustment for age, the association between chilblains and viral exposure was estimated at OR 3.3, 95% CI (1.4-7.3) for an intermediate household exposure, and 6.9 (2.5-19.5) for a high household exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Out of 57 case households tested, six (11%) had positive serology for SARS-CoV-2, whereas all control households tested (n = 50) were seronegative (p = 0.03). The effect of potential misclassification on exposure has been assessed in a bias analysis.

DISCUSSION:

This case-control study demonstrates the association between chilblains occurring during the lockdown and household exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Chilblains / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Clin Microbiol Infect Journal subject: Communicable Diseases / Microbiology Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.cmi.2021.09.032

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Chilblains / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Clin Microbiol Infect Journal subject: Communicable Diseases / Microbiology Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.cmi.2021.09.032