Seasonal UV exposure and vitamin D: association with the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission in Europe.
FEBS Open Bio
; 12(1): 106-117, 2022 01.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1449903
ABSTRACT
Several recent studies have demonstrated that low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D levels are associated with the risk of COVID-19 infection. The primary source of vitamin D production in humans is environmental UV radiation. In many viral respiratory diseases, peak infection rates are observed during winter due to reduced UV exposure and low temperatures. In Europe, the second wave of COVID-19 began early in the winter of 2020. Investigating the impact of seasonal temperature and UV exposure on COVID-19 transmission could thus aid in prevention and intervention. As such, we first performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of all related published literature based on the association between vitamin D and COVID-19, which supported the hypothesis that the low vitamin D level is a critical risk factor for COVID-19 infection. Next, to understand the potential impact of seasonal UV and temperature levels on COVID-19 cases, we analyzed meteorological data and daily COVID-19 cases per million in the populations of 26 European countries. We observed that low temperature, UV index, and cloud-free vitamin D UV dose (UVDVF) levels are negatively correlated with COVID-19 prevalence in Europe. Furthermore, a distributed lag nonlinear model was used to assess the nonlinear delayed effects of individual seasonal factors on COVID-19 cases. Such analysis highlighted the significantly delayed impact of UVDVF on the cumulative relative risk of COVID-19 infection. The findings of this study suggest that low UV exposure can affect the required production of vitamin D in the body, which substantially influences the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission and severity.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Seasons
/
Ultraviolet Rays
/
Vitamin D
/
Algorithms
/
COVID-19
/
Models, Theoretical
Type of study:
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
/
Randomized controlled trials
/
Reviews
Limits:
Humans
Country/Region as subject:
Europa
Language:
English
Journal:
FEBS Open Bio
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
2211-5463.13309
Similar
MEDLINE
...
LILACS
LIS