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Impact of Bacterial Toxins in the Lungs.
Lucas, Rudolf; Hadizamani, Yalda; Gonzales, Joyce; Gorshkov, Boris; Bodmer, Thomas; Berthiaume, Yves; Moehrlen, Ueli; Lode, Hartmut; Huwer, Hanno; Hudel, Martina; Mraheil, Mobarak Abu; Toque, Haroldo Alfredo Flores; Chakraborty, Trinad; Hamacher, Jürg.
  • Lucas R; Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
  • Hadizamani Y; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
  • Gonzales J; Department of Medicine and Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
  • Gorshkov B; Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung, Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
  • Bodmer T; Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
  • Berthiaume Y; Department of Medicine and Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
  • Moehrlen U; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
  • Lode H; Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Waldeggstr. 37 CH-3097 Liebefeld, Switzerland.
  • Huwer H; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
  • Hudel M; Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032 Zürch, Switzerland.
  • Mraheil MA; Insitut für klinische Pharmakologie, Charité, Universitätsklinikum Berlin, Reichsstrasse 2, D-14052 Berlin, Germany.
  • Toque HAF; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Voelklingen Heart Center, 66333 Voelklingen/Saar, Germany.
  • Chakraborty T; Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
  • Hamacher J; Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Toxins (Basel) ; 12(4)2020 04 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1453289
ABSTRACT
Bacterial toxins play a key role in the pathogenesis of lung disease. Based on their structural and functional properties, they employ various strategies to modulate lung barrier function and to impair host defense in order to promote infection. Although in general, these toxins target common cellular signaling pathways and host compartments, toxin- and cell-specific effects have also been reported. Toxins can affect resident pulmonary cells involved in alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) and barrier function through impairing vectorial Na+ transport and through cytoskeletal collapse, as such, destroying cell-cell adhesions. The resulting loss of alveolar-capillary barrier integrity and fluid clearance capacity will induce capillary leak and foster edema formation, which will in turn impair gas exchange and endanger the survival of the host. Toxins modulate or neutralize protective host cell mechanisms of both the innate and adaptive immunity response during chronic infection. In particular, toxins can either recruit or kill central players of the lung's innate immune responses to pathogenic attacks, i.e., alveolar macrophages (AMs) and neutrophils. Pulmonary disorders resulting from these toxin actions include, e.g., acute lung injury (ALI), the acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), and severe pneumonia. When acute infection converts to persistence, i.e., colonization and chronic infection, lung diseases, such as bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF) can arise. The aim of this review is to discuss the impact of bacterial toxins in the lungs and the resulting outcomes for pathogenesis, their roles in promoting bacterial dissemination, and bacterial survival in disease progression.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Respiratory Tract Infections / Bacteria / Bacterial Infections / Bacterial Toxins / Lung Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Toxins12040223

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Respiratory Tract Infections / Bacteria / Bacterial Infections / Bacterial Toxins / Lung Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Toxins12040223