A career in sport does not eliminate risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the cardiovascular health of field-based athletes.
J Sci Med Sport
; 23(9): 792-799, 2020 Sep.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1454328
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES:
To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in current field-based athletes.DESIGN:
Meta-analysis.METHODS:
This review was conducted and reported in accordance with PRISMA and pre-registered with PROSPERO. Articles were retrieved via online database search engines, with no date or language restriction. Studies investigating current field-based athletes (>18years) for CVD risk factors according to the European Society of Cardiology and American Heart Association were screened. Full texts were screened using Covidence and Cochrane criteria. Eligible articles were critically appraised using the AXIS tool. Individual study estimates were assessed by random-effect meta-analyses to examine the overall effect.RESULTS:
This study was ascribed a 1b evidence level, according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. 41 studies were identified, including 5546 athletes from four sports; American football; soccer; rugby and baseball mean ages 18-28. Despite participation in sport, increased body mass was associated with increased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, and decreased high-density lipoprotein. Linemen had increased prevalence of hypertension compared to non-athletes. Conflicting findings on fasting glucose were prevalent. There were inconsistencies in screening and reporting of CVD risk factors. Sport specific anthropometric demands were associated with elevated prevalence of CVD risk factors, most notably elevated body mass; dyslipidemia; elevated systolic blood pressure and; glucose.CONCLUSIONS:
There are elevated levels of risk for CVD in some athletes, primarily football players. Lifestyle behaviours associated with elite athleticism, particularly football linemen potentially expose players to greater metabolic and CVD risk, which is not completely offset by sport participation.Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Sports
/
Cardiovascular Diseases
/
Athletes
Type of study:
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
/
Randomized controlled trials
/
Reviews
/
Systematic review/Meta Analysis
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
J Sci Med Sport
Journal subject:
Sports Medicine
Year:
2020
Document Type:
Article
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