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Efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating in Brazil.
Clemens, Sue Ann Costa; Folegatti, Pedro M; Emary, Katherine R W; Weckx, Lily Yin; Ratcliff, Jeremy; Bibi, Sagida; De Almeida Mendes, Ana Verena; Milan, Eveline Pipolo; Pittella, Ana; Schwarzbold, Alexandre V; Sprinz, Eduardo; Aley, Parvinder K; Bonsall, David; Fraser, Christophe; Fuskova, Michelle; Gilbert, Sarah C; Jenkin, Daniel; Kelly, Sarah; Kerridge, Simon; Lambe, Teresa; Marchevsky, Natalie G; Mujadidi, Yama F; Plested, Emma; Ramasamy, Maheshi N; Simmonds, Peter; Golubchik, Tanya; Voysey, Merryn; Pollard, Andrew J.
  • Clemens SAC; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Folegatti PM; Institute of Global Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
  • Emary KRW; The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Weckx LY; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Ratcliff J; Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Bibi S; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • De Almeida Mendes AV; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Milan EP; Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Brazil and ID'OR, Salvador, Brazil.
  • Pittella A; Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, Brazil.
  • Schwarzbold AV; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, Brazil.
  • Sprinz E; Hospital Quinta D'Or, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Aley PK; Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Bonsall D; Universidade Unigranrio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Fraser C; Clinical Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
  • Fuskova M; Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
  • Gilbert SC; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
  • Jenkin D; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Kelly S; Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Kerridge S; Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Lambe T; The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Marchevsky NG; The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Mujadidi YF; The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Plested E; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Ramasamy MN; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Simmonds P; The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Golubchik T; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Voysey M; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Pollard AJ; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nat Commun ; 12(1): 5861, 2021 10 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1454761
ABSTRACT
Several COVID-19 vaccines have shown good efficacy in clinical trials, but there remains uncertainty about the efficacy of vaccines against different variants. Here, we investigate the efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) against symptomatic COVID-19 in a post-hoc exploratory analysis of a Phase 3 randomised trial in Brazil (trial registration ISRCTN89951424). Nose and throat swabs were tested by PCR in symptomatic participants. Sequencing and genotyping of swabs were performed to determine the lineages of SARS-CoV-2 circulating during the study. Protection against any symptomatic COVID-19 caused by the Zeta (P.2) variant was assessed in 153 cases with vaccine efficacy (VE) of 69% (95% CI 55, 78). 49 cases of B.1.1.28 occurred and VE was 73% (46, 86). The Gamma (P.1) variant arose later in the trial and fewer cases (N = 18) were available for analysis. VE was 64% (-2, 87). ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 provided 95% protection (95% CI 61%, 99%) against hospitalisation due to COVID-19. In summary, we report that ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 protects against emerging variants in Brazil despite the presence of the spike protein mutation E484K.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Phylogeny / COVID-19 Vaccines / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Young adult Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: English Journal: Nat Commun Journal subject: Biology / Science Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41467-021-25982-w

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Phylogeny / COVID-19 Vaccines / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Young adult Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: English Journal: Nat Commun Journal subject: Biology / Science Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41467-021-25982-w