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Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 in the United States.
Lewis, Nathaniel M; Chu, Victoria T; Ye, Dongni; Conners, Erin E; Gharpure, Radhika; Laws, Rebecca L; Reses, Hannah E; Freeman, Brandi D; Fajans, Mark; Rabold, Elizabeth M; Dawson, Patrick; Buono, Sean; Yin, Sherry; Owusu, Daniel; Wadhwa, Ashutosh; Pomeroy, Mary; Yousaf, Anna; Pevzner, Eric; Njuguna, Henry; Battey, Katherine A; Tran, Cuc H; Fields, Victoria L; Salvatore, Phillip; O'Hegarty, Michelle; Vuong, Jeni; Chancey, Rebecca; Gregory, Christopher; Banks, Michelle; Rispens, Jared R; Dietrich, Elizabeth; Marcenac, Perrine; Matanock, Almea M; Duca, Lindsey; Binder, Allison; Fox, Garrett; Lester, Sandra; Mills, Lisa; Gerber, Susan I; Watson, John; Schumacher, Amy; Pawloski, Lucia; Thornburg, Natalie J; Hall, Aron J; Kiphibane, Tair; Willardson, Sarah; Christensen, Kim; Page, Lindsey; Bhattacharyya, Sanjib; Dasu, Trivikram; Christiansen, Ann.
  • Lewis NM; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Chu VT; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Ye D; Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
  • Conners EE; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Gharpure R; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Laws RL; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Reses HE; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Freeman BD; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Fajans M; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Rabold EM; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Dawson P; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Buono S; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Yin S; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Owusu D; Laboratory Leadership Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Wadhwa A; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Pomeroy M; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Yousaf A; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Pevzner E; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Njuguna H; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Battey KA; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Tran CH; Laboratory Leadership Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Fields VL; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Salvatore P; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • O'Hegarty M; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Vuong J; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Chancey R; Laboratory Leadership Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Gregory C; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Banks M; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Rispens JR; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Dietrich E; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Marcenac P; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Matanock AM; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Duca L; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Binder A; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Fox G; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Lester S; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Mills L; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Gerber SI; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Watson J; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Schumacher A; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Pawloski L; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Thornburg NJ; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Hall AJ; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Kiphibane T; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Willardson S; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Christensen K; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Page L; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Bhattacharyya S; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Dasu T; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Christiansen A; COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Clin Infect Dis ; 73(7): 1805-1813, 2021 10 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1455252
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

The evidence base for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is nascent. We sought to characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission within US households and estimate the household secondary infection rate (SIR) to inform strategies to reduce transmission.

METHODS:

We recruited patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and their household contacts in Utah and Wisconsin during 22 March 2020-25 April 2020. We interviewed patients and all household contacts to obtain demographics and medical histories. At the initial household visit, 14 days later, and when a household contact became newly symptomatic, we collected respiratory swabs from patients and household contacts for testing by SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and sera for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We estimated SIR and odds ratios (ORs) to assess risk factors for secondary infection, defined by a positive rRT-PCR or ELISA test.

RESULTS:

Thirty-two (55%) of 58 households secondary infection among household contacts. The SIR was 29% (n = 55/188; 95% confidence interval [CI], 23%-36%) overall, 42% among children (aged <18 years) of the COVID-19 patient and 33% among spouses/partners. Household contacts to COVID-19 patients with immunocompromised conditions and household contacts who themselves had diabetes mellitus had increased odds of infection with ORs 15.9 (95% CI, 2.4-106.9) and 7.1 (95% CI 1.2-42.5), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

We found substantial evidence of secondary infections among household contacts. People with COVID-19, particularly those with immunocompromising conditions or those with household contacts with diabetes, should take care to promptly self-isolate to prevent household transmission.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Child / Humans Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: Clin Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cid

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Child / Humans Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: Clin Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cid