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Syndemic Framework Evaluation of Severe COVID-19 Outcomes in the United States: Factors Associated With Race and Ethnicity.
Williams, Christopher; Vermund, Sten H.
  • Williams C; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States.
  • Vermund SH; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States.
Front Public Health ; 9: 720264, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1456302
ABSTRACT
Socially and economically disadvantaged racial and ethnic minorities have experienced comparatively severe clinical outcomes from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States. Disparities in health outcomes arise from a myriad of synergistic biomedical and societal factors. Syndemic theory provides a useful framework for examining COVID-19 and other diseases that disproportionately affect vulnerable populations. Syndemic models ground research inquiries beyond individual clinical data to include non-biological community-based drivers of SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and severity of disease. Given the importance of such economic, environmental, and sociopolitical drivers in COVID-19, our aim in this Perspective is to examine entrenched racial and ethnic health inequalities and the magnitude of associated disease burdens, economic disenfranchisement, healthcare barriers, and hostile sociopolitical contexts-all salient syndemic factors brought into focus by the pandemic. Systemic racism persists within long-term care, health financing, and clinical care environments. We present proximal and distal public policy strategies that may mitigate the impact of this and future pandemics.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Ethnicity / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: Front Public Health Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fpubh.2021.720264

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Ethnicity / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: Front Public Health Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fpubh.2021.720264