New insights into genetic characteristics between multiple myeloma and COVID-19: An integrative bioinformatics analysis of gene expression omnibus microarray and the cancer genome atlas data.
Int J Lab Hematol
; 43(6): 1325-1333, 2021 Dec.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1462811
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection correlates with MM features. This study aimed to identify MM prognostic biomarkers with potential association with COVID-19.METHODS:
Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in five MM data sets (GSE47552, GSE16558, GSE13591, GSE6477, and GSE39754) with the same expression trends were screened out. Functional enrichment analysis and the protein-protein interaction network were performed for all DEGs. Prognosis-associated DEGs were screened using the stepwise Cox regression analysis in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) MMRF-CoMMpass cohort and the GSE24080 data set. Prognosis-associated DEGs associated with COVID-19 infection in the GSE164805 data set were also identified.RESULTS:
A total of 98 DEGs with the same expression trends in five data sets were identified, and 83 DEGs were included in the protein-protein interaction network. Cox regression analysis identified 16 DEGs were associated with MM prognosis in the TCGA cohort, and only the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C (COX6C) gene (HR = 1.717, 95% CI 1.231-2.428, p = .002) and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) gene (HR = 0.882, 95% CI 0.798-0.975, p = .014) were independent factors related to MM prognosis in the GSE24080 data set. Both of them were downregulated in patients with mild COVID-19 infection compared with controls but were upregulated in patients with severe COVID-19 compared with patients with mild illness.CONCLUSIONS:
The NOD2 and COX6C genes might be used as prognostic biomarkers in MM. The two genes might be associated with the development of COVID-19 infection.Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Computational Biology
/
Gene Expression Profiling
/
SARS-CoV-2
/
COVID-19
/
Multiple Myeloma
Type of study:
Cohort study
/
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Int J Lab Hematol
Journal subject:
Hematology
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Ijlh.13717
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