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Niclosamide for Covid-19: bridging the gap.
Al-Kuraishy, Hayder M; Al-Gareeb, Ali I; Alzahrani, Khalid J; Alexiou, Athanasios; Batiha, Gaber El-Saber.
  • Al-Kuraishy HM; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq.
  • Al-Gareeb AI; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq.
  • Alzahrani KJ; Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, PO Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alexiou A; Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia. alextha@yahoo.gr.
  • Batiha GE; AFNP Med Austria, Wien, Austria. alextha@yahoo.gr.
Mol Biol Rep ; 48(12): 8195-8202, 2021 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1474055
ABSTRACT
AIM/

PURPOSE:

Niclosamide (NCL) is an anthelminthic drug, which is widely used to treat various diseases due to its pleiotropic anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. NCL modulates of uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation and different signaling pathways in human biological processes. The wide-spectrum antiviral effect of NCL makes it a possible candidate for recent pandemic SARS-CoV-2 infection and may reduce Covid-19 severity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to review and clarify the potential role of NCL in Covid-19.

METHODS:

This study reviewed and highlighted the protective role of NCL therapy in Covid-19. A related literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct was done.

RESULTS:

NCL has noteworthy anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. The primary antiviral mechanism of NCL is through neutralization of endosomal PH and inhibition of viral protein maturation. NCL acts as a proton carrier, inhibits homeostasis of endosomal PH, which limiting of viral proliferation and release. The anti-inflammatory effects of NCL are mediated by suppression of inflammatory signaling pathways and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the major limitation in using NCL is low aqueous solubility, which reduces oral bioavailability and therapeutic serum concentration that reducing the in vivo effect of NCL against SARS-CoV-2.

CONCLUSIONS:

NCL has anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects by modulating the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibition of NF-κB /NLRP3 inflammasome and mTOR signaling pathway. NCL has an anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect via interruption of viral life-cycle and/or induction of cytopathic effect. Prospective clinical studies and clinical trials are mandatory to confirm the potential role of NCL in patients with Covid-19 concerning the severity and clinical outcomes.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Drug Treatment / Niclosamide Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Reviews Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Mol Biol Rep Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S11033-021-06770-7

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Drug Treatment / Niclosamide Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Reviews Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Mol Biol Rep Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S11033-021-06770-7