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N-Acetylcysteine and Hydrogen Sulfide in Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Bourgonje, Arno R; Offringa, Annette K; van Eijk, Larissa E; Abdulle, Amaal E; Hillebrands, Jan-Luuk; van der Voort, Peter H J; van Goor, Harry; van Hezik, Ed J.
  • Bourgonje AR; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
  • Offringa AK; Microbiology and System Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, the Netherlands.
  • van Eijk LE; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
  • Abdulle AE; Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
  • Hillebrands JL; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
  • van der Voort PHJ; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
  • van Goor H; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
  • van Hezik EJ; Visiting Consultant Chest Physician, formerly Walcheren Hospital, Vlissingen, the Netherlands.
Antioxid Redox Signal ; 35(14): 1207-1225, 2021 11 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1475726
ABSTRACT

Significance:

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the three main gasotransmitters that are endogenously produced in humans and are protective against oxidative stress. Recent findings from studies focusing on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), shifted our attention to a potentially modulatory role of H2S in this viral respiratory disease. Recent Advances H2S levels at hospital admission may be of importance since this gasotransmitter has been shown to be protective against lung damage through its antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions. Furthermore, many COVID-19 cases have been described demonstrating remarkable clinical improvement upon administration of high doses of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). NAC is a renowned pharmacological antioxidant substance acting as a source of cysteine, thereby promoting endogenous glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis as well as generation of sulfane sulfur species when desulfurated to H2S. Critical Issues Combining H2S physiology and currently available knowledge of COVID-19, H2S is hypothesized to target three main vulnerabilities of SARS-CoV-2 (i) cell entry through interfering with functional host receptors, (ii) viral replication through acting on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and (iii) the escalation of inflammation to a potentially lethal hyperinflammatory cytokine storm (toll-like receptor 4 [TLR4] pathway and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 [NLRP3] inflammasome). Future Directions Dissecting the breakdown of NAC reveals the possibility of increasing endogenous H2S levels, which may provide a convenient rationale for the application of H2S-targeted therapeutics. Further randomized-controlled trials are warranted to investigate its definitive role.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Acetylcysteine / COVID-19 / Hydrogen Sulfide Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Antioxid Redox Signal Journal subject: Metabolism Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: ARS.2020.8247

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Acetylcysteine / COVID-19 / Hydrogen Sulfide Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Antioxid Redox Signal Journal subject: Metabolism Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: ARS.2020.8247