Distinct SARS-CoV-2 antibody reactivity patterns elicited by natural infection and mRNA vaccination.

Assis, Rafael; Jain, Aarti; Nakajima, Rie; Jasinskas, Algis; Khan, Saahir; Palma, Anton; Parker, Daniel M; Chau, Anthony; Obiero, Joshua M; Tifrea, Delia; Leung, Amanda; Grabar, Christina; Muqolli, Fjolla; Khalil, Ghali; Escobar, Jessica Colin; Ventura, Jenny; Davies, D Huw; Albala, Bruce; Boden-Albala, Bernadette; Schubl, Sebastian; Felgner, Philip L

Assis, Rafael; Jain, Aarti; Nakajima, Rie; Jasinskas, Algis; Khan, Saahir; Palma, Anton; Parker, Daniel M; Chau, Anthony; Obiero, Joshua M; Tifrea, Delia; Leung, Amanda; Grabar, Christina; Muqolli, Fjolla; Khalil, Ghali; Escobar, Jessica Colin; Ventura, Jenny; Davies, D Huw; Albala, Bruce; Boden-Albala, Bernadette; Schubl, Sebastian; Felgner, Philip L.

Assis R; School of Medicine and the Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Jain A; School of Medicine and the Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Nakajima R; School of Medicine and the Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Jasinskas A; School of Medicine and the Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Khan S; Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Palma A; Institute for Clinical & Translational Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Parker DM; Department of Population Health & Disease Prevention, Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Chau A; Department of Statistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Obiero JM; School of Medicine and the Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Tifrea D; School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Leung A; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Grabar C; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Muqolli F; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Khalil G; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Escobar JC; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Ventura J; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Davies DH; School of Medicine and the Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Albala B; Department of Population Health & Disease Prevention, Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Boden-Albala B; Department of Population Health & Disease Prevention, Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Schubl S; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Felgner PL; School of Medicine and the Vaccine R&D Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. pfegner@hs.uci.edu.

NPJ Vaccines ; 6(1): 132, 2021 Nov 04.

Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1503569

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

We analyzed data from two ongoing COVID-19 longitudinal serological surveys in Orange County, CA., between April 2020 and March 2021. A total of 8476 finger stick blood specimens were collected before and after a vaccination campaign. IgG levels were determined using a multiplex antigen microarray containing antigens from SARS-CoV-2, SARS, MERS, Common CoV, and Influenza. Twenty-six percent of specimens from unvaccinated Orange County residents in December 2020 were SARS-CoV-2 seropositive; out of 852 seropositive individuals 77 had symptoms and 9 sought medical care. The antibody response was predominantly against nucleocapsid (NP), full length, and S2 domain of spike. Anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) reactivity was low and not cross-reactive against SARS S1 or SARS RBD. A vaccination campaign at the University of California Irvine Medical Center (UCIMC) started on December, 2020 and 6724 healthcare workers were vaccinated within 3 weeks. Seroprevalence increased from 13% pre-vaccination to 79% post-vaccination in January, 93% in February, and 99% in March. mRNA vaccination induced higher antibody levels than natural exposure, especially against the RBD domain and cross-reactivity against SARS RBD and S1 was observed. Nucleocapsid protein antibodies can be used to distinguish vaccinees to classify pre-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 Previously infected individuals developed higher antibody titers to the vaccine than non pre-exposed individuals. Hospitalized patients in intensive care with severe disease reach significantly higher antibody levels than mild cases, but lower antibody levels compared to the vaccine. These results indicate that mRNA vaccination rapidly induces a much stronger and broader antibody response than SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Language: English Journal: NPJ Vaccines Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41541-021-00396-3

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