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A cross-sectional investigation of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and associated risk factors in children and adolescents in the United States.
Levorson, Rebecca E; Christian, Erica; Hunter, Brett; Sayal, Jasdeep; Sun, Jiayang; Bruce, Scott A; Garofalo, Stephanie; Southerland, Matthew; Ho, Svetlana; Levy, Shira; Defillipi, Christopher; Peake, Lilian; Place, Frederick C; Hourigan, Suchitra K.
  • Levorson RE; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Inova Children's Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, United States of America.
  • Christian E; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Specialists of Virginia, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America.
  • Hunter B; Division of Pediatric Research, Inova Children's Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, United States of America.
  • Sayal J; Department of Statistics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America.
  • Sun J; Division of Pediatric Research, Inova Children's Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, United States of America.
  • Bruce SA; Department of Statistics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America.
  • Garofalo S; Department of Statistics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America.
  • Southerland M; Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, United States of America.
  • Ho S; Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, United States of America.
  • Levy S; Division of Pediatric Research, Inova Children's Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, United States of America.
  • Defillipi C; Division of Pediatric Research, Inova Children's Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, United States of America.
  • Peake L; Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, United States of America.
  • Place FC; Division of Epidemiology, Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America.
  • Hourigan SK; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Inova Children's Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, United States of America.
PLoS One ; 16(11): e0259823, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1506297
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 data remain limited and seropositivity rates in children were reported as <1% early in the pandemic. Seroepidemiologic evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in children in a major metropolitan region of the US was performed.

METHODS:

Children and adolescents ≤19 years were enrolled in a cross-sectional, observational study of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence from July-October 2020 in Northern Virginia, US. Demographic, health, and COVID-19 exposure information was collected, and blood analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein total antibody. Risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity were analyzed. Orthogonal antibody testing was performed, and samples were evaluated for responses to different antigens.

RESULTS:

In 1038 children, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positivity rate was 8.5%. After multivariate logistic regression, significant risk factors included Hispanic ethnicity, public or absent insurance, a history of COVID-19 symptoms, exposure to person with COVID-19, a household member positive for SARS-CoV-2 and multi-family or apartment dwelling without a private entrance. 66% of seropositive children had no symptoms of COVID-19. Secondary analysis included orthogonal antibody testing with assays for 1) a receptor binding domain specific antigen and 2) a nucleocapsid specific antigen had concordance rates of 80.5% and 79.3% respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

A much higher burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as determined by seropositivity, was found in children than previously reported; this was also higher compared to adults in the same region at a similar time. Contrary to prior reports, we determined children shoulder a significant burden of COVID-19 infection. The role of children's disease transmission must be considered in COVID-19 mitigation strategies including vaccination.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Adolescent / Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Infant / Male / Infant, Newborn Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pone.0259823

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Adolescent / Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Infant / Male / Infant, Newborn Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pone.0259823