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Neurological pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and pandemic potential RNA viruses: a comparative analysis.
Chakravarty, Nikhil; Senthilnathan, Thrisha; Paiola, Sophia; Gyani, Priya; Castillo Cario, Sebastian; Urena, Estrella; Jeysankar, Akash; Jeysankar, Prakash; Ignatius Irudayam, Joseph; Natesan Subramanian, Sumathi; Lavretsky, Helen; Joshi, Shantanu; Garcia, Gustavo; Ramaiah, Arunachalam; Arumugaswami, Vaithilingaraja.
  • Chakravarty N; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Senthilnathan T; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Paiola S; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Gyani P; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Castillo Cario S; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Urena E; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Jeysankar A; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Jeysankar P; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Ignatius Irudayam J; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Natesan Subramanian S; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Lavretsky H; Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Joshi S; Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Garcia G; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Ramaiah A; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
  • Arumugaswami V; Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Center at inStem, Bangalore, KA, India.
FEBS Lett ; 595(23): 2854-2871, 2021 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1508599
ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2 has infected hundreds of millions of people with over four million dead, resulting in one of the worst global pandemics in recent history. Neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19 include anosmia, ageusia, headaches, confusion, delirium, and strokes. These may manifest due to viral entry into the central nervous system (CNS) through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by means of ill-defined mechanisms. Here, we summarize the abilities of SARS-CoV-2 and other neurotropic RNA viruses, including Zika virus and Nipah virus, to cross the BBB into the CNS, highlighting the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing presence and severity of brain structural changes in COVID-19 patients. We present new insight into key mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 (P681H) and B.1.617.2 (P681R), which may impact on neuropilin 1 (NRP1) binding and CNS invasion. We postulate that SARS-CoV-2 may infect both peripheral cells capable of crossing the BBB and brain endothelial cells to traverse the BBB and spread into the brain. COVID-19 patients can be followed up with MRI modalities to better understand the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the brain.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Blood-Brain Barrier / Nipah Virus / Henipavirus Infections / Zika Virus / Zika Virus Infection / SARS-CoV-2 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Long Covid / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: FEBS Lett Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 1873-3468.14227

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Blood-Brain Barrier / Nipah Virus / Henipavirus Infections / Zika Virus / Zika Virus Infection / SARS-CoV-2 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Long Covid / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: FEBS Lett Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 1873-3468.14227